| 江西铜钹山自然保护区贝类物种多样性 |
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| 引用本文： | 欧阳珊,姜娇,林向阳,周少华,谢广龙,宋世超,林昌勇,汪文敏,邓谱涓,吴小平.江西铜钹山自然保护区贝类物种多样性[J].热带地理,2014,34(2):148-155. |
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| 作者姓名： | 欧阳珊 姜娇 林向阳 周少华 谢广龙 宋世超 林昌勇 汪文敏 邓谱涓 吴小平 |
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| 作者单位： | （1．南昌大学 a．生命科学与食品工程学院；b．生命科学研究院，南昌 330031；2．江西广丰县铜钹山自然保护区，江西广丰 334609） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(No.31260515);赣鄱英才“555”工程领军人才培养计划(No.18000041) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于2012年7月至2013年8月调查的江西铜钹山自然保护区贝类资源，研究保护区内贝类的物种多样性，以及在不同生境类型下的分布规律和区系与动物地理组成，探索该地区内贝类物种组成和栖息环境之间的关系。通过定性与定量的方法共采得贝类42种及亚种，分别隶属于2纲4目16科28属。其中，淡水贝类15种，分别隶属于2纲3目7科10属；陆生贝类27种，分别隶属于1纲3目9科18属，其中有3种为江西的新记录：小柱倍唇螺（Diplommatina paxillus）、三重真卷螺（Euplecta trifilaris）和小石环肋螺（Plectotropis calculus）。淡水贝类优势种为放逸短沟蜷（Semisulcospira libertine）和小土蜗（Galba pervia），陆生贝类优势种为扁恰里螺（Kaliella depressa）、弗氏巴蜗牛（Bradybaena fortunei）和灰尖巴蜗牛（Bradybaena ravida ravida）。贝类动物地理区系组成以东洋界为主，共22种，占总种数的52.38%。采用Margalef丰富度指数dMA、Shannon-Wiener（1949）多样性指数H'、Pielou均匀度指数JSW对在不同生境类型下的贝类多样性进行分析，结果表明：灌丛生境陆生贝类的丰富度指数和多样性指数均最高，针阔混交林生境的均匀度指数最高。根据Jaccard公式计算并比较铜钹山与邻近自然保护区陆生贝类物种相似性系数发现：铜钹山自然保护区陆生贝类物种较丰富；与阳际峰自然保护区陆生贝类物种相似系数较高，为23.33%，与湖南莽山自然保护区物种相似性系数较低，为6.45%，并对其相似性差异进行了原因分析。
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| 关 键 词： | 贝类 物种多样性 区系分布 铜钹山自然保护区 |
Malacodiversity of the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province |
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| OUYANG Shan,JIANG Jiao,LIN Xiangyang,ZHOU Shaohua,XIE Guanglong,SONG Shichao,LIN Changyong,WANG Wenmin,DENG Pujuan,WU Xiaoping.Malacodiversity of the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province[J].Tropical Geography,2014,34(2):148-155. |
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| Authors: | OUYANG Shan JIANG Jiao LIN Xiangyang ZHOU Shaohua XIE Guanglong SONG Shichao LIN Changyong WANG Wenmin DENG Pujuan WU Xiaoping |
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| Institution: | （1．a．School of Life Science and Food Engineering；b．Institute of Life Sciences，Nanchang University，Nanchang 330031，China；2．Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province，Guangfeng 334609，China） |
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| Abstract: | On account of the investigation of Mollusk at the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve from July 2012 to August 2013, we researched the distribution pattern of mollusk and its zoogeographical structure in different kinds of habitats, besides, we explored the relationship between species composition and their habitat of mollusk. The result of the research would provide theoretical basis for the protection and management of biodiversity in this reserve, and could also enrich the research data of mollusk in China. With qualitative and quantitative methods, 42 species and subspecies were found belonging to 28 genera (16 families in 4 orders of 2 classes). There were 15 species of freshwater mollusk, which belonged to 10 genera (7 families in 3 orders of 2 class) and 27 species of terrestrial mollusks, pertaining to 18 genera (9 families in 3 orders of 1 class), among those, 3 species were new records in Jiangxi Province, viz Diplommatina paxillus, Euplecta trifilaris and Plectotropis calculus. The dominant species of freshwater mollusks were Semisulcospira libertine and Galba pervia, while the ones of the terrestrial mollusks were Kaliella depressa, Bradybaena fortune and Bradybaena ravida ravida. Those species were numerous and widespread in the reserve. The rare species were Ptychopoma expoliatum expoliatum, Diplommatina paxillus longipalatalis, Bellamya aeruginosa, Corbicula fluminea, Plectotropis calculus and Plectotropis sedentaria, they were in less number and small range, only one living sample was collected in precious little sampling sites. Overall, the species of freshwater mollusk were less than those of terrestrial mollusk in the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve. This is because the species of freshwater mollusk (14 000 species) are less than those of terrestrial mollusk (25 000 species) around the world. Usually the shell of terrestrial mollusk is dextral, but few species are sinistral. We collected two sinistral species, Bradybaena fortunei and Satsuma uncophila, which were in large quantity and wide distribution. The somatoscopy indicated that the valves of the two mollusks are colorful, which form colored tapes or figures. The snails in the reserve were distinguished by shell size: 12 species were medium, 24 small, 3 minute, and 1 large. Medium and small species were dominating while minute and big ones less. The minute species were Carychium tiamushanese, Diplommatina paxillus, Diplommatina paxillus longipalatalis, large specie was Euhadra cecillei. Geographic fauna which gave first place to oriental region showed 22 species accounting for 52.38% of the total diversity. However, various faunas, complex floristic element are related to the geographic position of protection zone belonging to Central China while adjoining South China. Comparing the similarity coefficient with neighboring nature reserves based on Jaccard formula, we found that the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve had much more diversity of terrestrial mollusks and higher species similarity with the Yangjifeng Nature Reserve, about 23.33%, while lower similarity with the Mangshan Nature Reserve, only 6.45%. Results of the analysis with Shannon-wiener index, Margalef richness index and Pielou index on mollusk community indicated that both the species diversity index and richness index of mollusk were the highest in shrub habitat，while in coniferous-broad mixed forest the Pielou index was the highest．The freshwater mollusk Semisulcospira libertine in protection zone was in wide distribution, and large number of specimens could be collected in whichever rivulet. This species feeds on algae, and inhabits in mountain streams which are limpid, fast current and of low temperature. Its numerous appearance is closely related to the exellent environment of Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve. |
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| Keywords: | malacodiversity faunal distribution the Tongbo Mountain Nature Reserve |
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