Zur Evolution des eukaryotischen Phytoplankton im Riphäikum — Neue Erkenntnisse aus der Belt Serie von Nordamerika |
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Authors: | Prof Dr Dr-Ing Hans D Pflug Dr Erhard Reitz |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gie\en, Senckenbergstr. 3, D-6300 Gie\ en, FRG |
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Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Aus dem Proterozoikum der Zeitspanne 1400–1000 M.J. war bisher noch kein Vorkommen von eukaryotischem Phytoplankton bekannt. Unsere neuen Funde aus der Belt-Serie von Idaho und Montana gehören in dieses Intervall und füllen damit eine Kenntnislücke. Die identifizierten Mikrobiota passen gut ins bisher bekannte Bild der früh-riphäischen Algenwelt. Charakteristisch für die Vertreter ist eine einfache Morphologie, ein kleines Formenangebot, eine geringe Individuen-Zahl und ein seltenes Vorkommen, das überdies auf bestimmte Lebensräume der Schelfe beschränkt ist. Offenbar war das eukaryotische Phytoplankton zu dieser Zeit noch im langen Anfangsstadium einer Entwicklung, die dem Fossilbefund zufolge bereits vor mehr als 2000 M.J. begonnen haben mu\. Aber erst vor ca. 850 Millionen Jahren setzte eine stärkere Entwicklung zu neuen Formen ein, die dann schrittweise die urtümliche Cyanobakterien-Welt ablösten.
On the evolution of the eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Riphean — New evidence from the Beltian Serie of North America No occurrences of eukaryotic phytoplankton were hitherto known during the time span from 1400–1000 M.Y. of the Proterozoic. Our findings from the Beltian Series of Idaho and Montana belong to this interval and thus fill a gap in our knowledge. The identified microbiota agree well with those from the early Riphean. They are characterized by simple morphologies, a limited variety of forms, a low number of individuals and a rare occurrence restricted to a few environments. The findings suggest, that the eukaryotic plankton of that time was still in its long initial stage of evolution which, according to present evidence, must have begun prior to 2000 M.Y. It was only later than 850 million years ago, that the diversification proceeded more rapidly. The new developments gradually replaced the ancient world of cyanobacteria.
Résumé La présence de phytoplancton eucaryotique n'était pas connue jusqu'à présent pendant la période allant de 1400 à 1000 Ma, au ProtérozoÏque. Nos nouvelles découvertes dans le domaine de la Série Belt de l'Idaho et du Montana se rapportent à ce laps de temps et comblent ainsi une lacune de nos connaissances. Les microbiota identifiés correspondent bien à l'image que l'on se fait des algues du pré-Riphéen connues jusqu'à présent. Ses représentants se caractérisent par une morphologie simple, une variété de formes limitée, un nombre réduit d'individus et une occurence rare, réduite à un petit nombre de milieux. Visiblement, le phytoplancton eucaryotique était encore à cette époque dans la longue phase initiale de son développement qui, d'après les fossiles trouvés, doit avoir commencé il y a plus de 2000 Ma. Ce n'est qu'à moins de 850 Ma que des formes nouvelles se sont diversifiées de faÇon importante et ont remplacé graduellement le monde des cyanobactéries d'origine.
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![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![CHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) , ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![CHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![shcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1096.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Fcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1060.gif) . ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![softcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1100.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) , ![IOcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1025.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Fcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1060.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![khcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IOcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1025.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1100.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![softcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1100.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![gcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) , ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) , ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ucy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1059.gif) ![SHCHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1065.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1099.gif) , ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![CHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![SHCHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1065.gif) 2,0 ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1100.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) 850 ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![CHcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Fcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1060.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) , ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![ycy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![pcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![scy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Mcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Dcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Vcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![shcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1096.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tscy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1094.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Acy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/gwh7p364846126r2/xxlarge1048.gif) .
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