| 中国北方干旱-半干旱区晚更新世以来地质环境演化特征空间模型分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 张宗祜,石建省.中国北方干旱-半干旱区晚更新世以来地质环境演化特征空间模型分析[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(2):20-27. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张宗祜 石建省 |
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| 作者单位： | 地质矿产部水文地质工程地质研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 地质矿产部重要基础研究院资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 在我国北方干旱－半干旱区，以过去气候变化记录为主线，探讨了地质环境的变化过程及其分析方法；在时间尺度上，通过综合研究分别在青藏高原、黄土高原和华北平原建立了概念化的高分辨率气候指标(温度、降水)演化过程曲线，作为分区的特征演化曲线；在空间尺度上，对研究较深入的现代和全新世最佳期(７５００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后)、１８０００ａＢ。Ｐ．前后的冷期等时段的地质环境状况进行重建；利用空间分析计算机软件，对典型时段的地质环境状况进行连续空间分析，进而由分区特征演化曲线与典型时段地质环境空间分布模型耦合。这一分析对认识我国北方干旱－半干旱区今后的环境变化是十分有益的。
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| 关 键 词： | 晚更新世 地质环境 空间分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 1996-06-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 1997-03-01 |
SPATIAL MODEL ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTEVOLUTION SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN THE ARIDAND SEMI-ARID AREA OF NORTHERN CHINA |
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| Institution: | Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources,Zhengding 050803 |
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| Abstract: | he evolution of geological environment in the arid and semi arid areas of Qinghai Xizang Plateau～Loess Plateau～North China Plain over past 0.15Ma B.P. is an important component of the global change.The pattern of landform,chlimage,soil,water and vegetaion evolved with time under the cobined action of neotectonics,climate and human activities.The chages of these factors were spatially differeent but successive and correlative.We chages of these factors were spatially different but successive and correlative.We attempted to set up a preliminary informantion analysis system of the environment evolution since Late Pleistocene for northen China using GIS technique. As GIS provides methods of information management and auxiliary analysis,it plays increasingly important role in regional analysis.It can set up the geoligical environment distribution and evolution features together with modeling analysis.GIS technique is helpful for the parameterization of information,spatial modeling analysis and can make the results vivid.The geological environment analysis information system(GEAIS) is composed of information collection,information processing,spatial analysis,mapping and output modules.The basic content of its spatical database includes topography,climate,soil,deposit feature,sea level change,hydrological environment evolution and engineering activity;the spatical analysis methods include Digital Elevation Model,Surface,Overlay,Buffer and Distance analysies. The study area is a rectangular area with the length of 3 500km from west to east and width of 1 000 km from north to south,which lies roughly between 34～41° N and 85～125° E.It consists of three topographical levels:Qinghai Xizang Plateau,Loess Plateau,North China Plain,representing the spatial features of the geological environment from west to east.The changes of neotectonics,climate and human activity as well as the degree to which they influence the geological environment were studied and the results are shown below: (1)The topographic analysis and spatial statistics show the average velocity of modern crust uplift is 066mm/a.Comparing with 015 Ma B.P.,the Qinghai Xizang Plateau has uplifted by 800～1 100m,and Loess Plateau by 100～150m. (2)On the basis of spatial analysis on modern climate,we set up the average annual precipitation model,average annual temperature model and average coldest months temperature modekmand further divided the main climate zones,climate regions and biozones.Spatial statistics of the distribution of climate zones and regions are also made. (3)The climates of about 7 500a B.P.and about 18 000a B.P. were reconstructed through analysis of spatial model using the limited climate change information.The preliminary results show:the average temperature of the climatic optimum period (about 7 500a B.P.) in northern China was 19℃ higher and annual precipitation 195mm more than today;while the temperature in coldest period is 1133℃ lower and precipitation 165mm less than today. According to our study,numerical simulation and predication using non linear model of GIS is an efficient way to solve spatial problems like geological environment evolution.The level to retrieve characteristic information of geological environment evolution with high resolution should be increased,the cause of the internal relation and difference of evolution between the three areas needs further study,and the simulation and modeling of the evolution should be improved in order to predict living environment of the human beings in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Late Pleistocene gological environment spatial analysis |
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