| 孟加拉国农业利用强度增加、土地利用/覆盖变化和土地退化 |
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| 引用本文： | Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali.孟加拉国农业利用强度增加、土地利用/覆盖变化和土地退化[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(2):183-191. |
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| 作者姓名： | Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali |
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| 作者单位： | 美国德克萨斯大学泰勒分校社会科学系,德克萨斯州,75799,美国 |
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| 摘 要： | 在实地采访、地块土地利用/覆盖调查和1 260个土样的收集和实验室分析等野外工作的基础上，对比分析了1984—1985年和2003—2004年265个家户的人口、农业系统、土地利用和土壤质量数据，研究了孟加拉国6个村庄农业诱导强度增强对土地和土壤质量的影响。1984—2004年家户和土质数据的百分比变化用来构建诱导强度增强模型和土地退化模型中的统计变量和土地退化指标。结果表明：研究区种植强度和土地生产力的增加主要是由于低压泵灌溉的普及，化肥和杀虫剂的使用以及水稻、蔬菜和虾生产的多元化高产。诱导强度增强模型可以解释研究区81%的种植强度增量和73%的土地生产力增量。人口压力和市场驱动也诱发了农业利用强度的增加；环境约束起到了一定制约作用；低压泵灌溉等应对干旱的技术也对农业增产有一定贡献。然而动力耕作机、低压泵灌溉和化学物质的持续利用再加上除草性水稻、蔬菜和虾的频繁耕作和养殖已经导致土壤结构、质地和化学属性的退化，生产力也有所降低。利用强度越大的土地退化现象越严重，生产力下降得也更多。土地的不断退化将有可能会引发孟加拉国的马尔萨斯危机。
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| 关 键 词： | 诱导强度增加 技术变化 土地退化 孟加拉国 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-8166（2006）02-0183-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-12-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年12月20 |
Induced Intensification, Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Land Degradation in Bangladesh |
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| Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali.Induced Intensification, Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Land Degradation in Bangladesh[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2006,21(2):183-191. |
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| Authors: | Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali |
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| Institution: | Department of Social Sciences, the University of Texas at Tyler, Texas 75799, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the impacts of induced intensification of agriculture on land and soil qualities in six villages in Bangladesh. It compared the population, farming systems, land use and soil quality data collected in 1984-1985 and 2003-2004 from 265 households. The field research included personal interviews, plot-to-plot land use/land cover surveys, and collection and laboratory analysis of properties of 1 260 soil samples. Percentage change (1984-2004) in household and soil quality data were used to construct the statistical variables and land degradation indices used in testing the induced intensification and land degradation models. The results suggest cropping intensity and land productivity increments in the villages over time due to expansion of low-lift pump irrigation, uses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and cultivation of multiple high yielding rice, vegetables and shrimp. The induced intensification models explained 81% and 73% of cropping intensity and land productivity increments. Both population pressure and market forces have induced agricultural intensification; environmental constraints impeded it; and technology such as low-lift pump irrigation by combating drought contributed to agricultural growth. However, prolong uses of power tiller, low-lift irrigation pumps, chemicals, and frequent cultivation of HYV rice, vegetables and shrimp have degraded the structure, texture, and chemical properties of soils and reduced their productivity. More intensively cultivated fields experienced severer land degradation and greater reduction of crop yields. Agricultural intensification follows the Bosrupian path while gradual land degradation over time may lead to a Malthusian crisis in the country. |
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| Keywords: | Induced intensification Technological change Land degradation Bangladesh |
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