|
|||||
|
|
Primary proton spectrum around the knee deduced from the emulsion-chamber data obtained at Mts. Fuji and Kanbala |
|
| Authors: | J Huang N Hotta K Kasahara I Ohta S Ozawa T Saito M Shibata X W Xu T Yuda |
| Institution: | a Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan b Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan c Faculty of Systems Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 330-8570, Japan d Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautical Engineering, Tokyo 116-0003, Japan e Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan f Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA g Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan |
| Abstract: | We have done extensive Monte Carlo simulations using the new simulation codes of CORSIKA and COSMOS to compare with the gamma-family data obtained at Mts. Fuji (3750 m above sea level) and Kanbala (5500 m above sea level). Then, we estimated the primary proton and helium spectra around the knee energy region using a multiple-layered feed-forward neural network as a classifier of primary particle kind. The selection efficiency of proton-induced family events is estimated to be 82%. The flux value of protons at 2×1015 eV is (5.5±1.5)×10?14 (m?2 s?1 sr?1 GeV?1). The result suggests heavy-enriched primary composition around the knee region. |
| Keywords: | Cosmic ray Emulsion chamber Gamma-family Neural network Monte Carlo simulation Proton Knee region |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ | |