| Environmental toxicology and exposure to natural dust： The role of trace elements |
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| 作者姓名： | Jose A. Centeno Angus Cook Phil Weinstein |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Dept. of Environrnnetal and Infectious Disease Sciences, US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA, 20306-6000 [2]Ecology and Health, School of Population Health, Western Australia University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia |
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| 摘 要： | This discussion reviews environmental toxicology and health effects of trace elements and compounds carried in natural dusts of geologic or geochemical origin. The sources of these dusts are diverse, including volcanoes, dust storms, long-range transport of desert dust, and displacement through natural processes such as landslides and earthquakes. Estimates diverge greatly in terms of the total quantities of dust transported, although recent papers place annual volumes at over 1 billion tons from the main African deserts alone. Anthropogenic influences （such as from farming and irrigation） have contributed to dust formation by enhancing the process of desertification, with losses of over 10 million hectares （~29 million acres） of farmland per year. The principal elements and compounds which are examined in this presentation are trace metals and metalloids, radioactive elements, fluoride, silicates, natural asbestiform compounds, and alkali salts. The pathways by which such agents affect human populations are examined, including carriage through water, air, soil and the foodchain. The mechanisms of biotoxicity, and the acute and chronic consequences on health, associated with toxic trace metals are described.
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| 关 键 词： | 灰尘 微量元素 医学地质学 环境毒性 环境卫生 |
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