Numerical Sensitivity Studies on Effects of Ice Nucleating Processes on Electrification in Thunderstorms |
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| Authors: | SHI Zheng QU Kai-yue LI Lu-ying GUAN Xiao-lin SUN Jing CUI Xue-dong HU Jia-rui and WU Zi-min |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,2. Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205 China,3. Zhejiang Meteorological Safety Technology Center, Hangzhou 310008 China,1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China and 1. School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China |
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| Abstract: | This study employed numerical simulations to explore the impact of varying ice nucleation processes on the microphysics and electrification within thunderstorm clouds. A two-dimensional cumulus model, incorporating both non- inductive and inductive charge separation schemes, was utilized. The findings revealed that the freezing nucleation mechanism significantly influenced the microphysical development, electrification, and charge structure of thunderstorms. Homogeneous freezing generated a large quantity of small ice crystals near the cloud tops, which were primarily re- sponsible for the development of positive charge regions through a non-inductive charging process. Conversely, hetero- geneous freezing resulted in larger ice crystals, enhancing graupel formation and leading to a more rapid and intense charge separation rate of around ?15°C. Ice crystals formed heterogeneously and charged negatively during the development stage, resulting in an inverted dipole charge structure. When both immersion and homogeneous freezing processes were considered, the competition between these two distinct freezing processes resulted in reduced cloud water content and weaker electrification. Under conditions of low cloud water content at lower storm levels, graupel particles were negatively charged through non-inductive charging, causing the charge structure to quickly revert to a normal dipole structure. |
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| Keywords: | homogeneous freezing heterogeneous freezing immersion freezing non-inductive charging charge structure |
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