| 北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点 |
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| 引用本文： | 张青青,徐海量,樊自立,张鹏,禹朴家,凌洪波.北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):72-80. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张青青 徐海量 樊自立 张鹏 禹朴家 凌洪波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 新疆阿克苏绿洲农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 新疆 阿克苏市 843000;
3. 中国科学院 研究生院, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目，新疆社会科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用历史文献资料、实地调查和监测资料, 并结合遥感影像解译数据, 分析了近2 000 a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的演变进程, 探讨了人工绿洲扩展过程与水资源利用的关系以及绿洲扩张的特点. 结果显示: 近2 000 a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的形成和演变可以分为4个时期: 17世纪以前以牧为主时期, 流域人工绿洲仅呈星点分布在交通要道和军事据点; 17世纪以后到1949年才进入半农半牧时期, 流域人工绿洲呈小块状分布在河、泉引水方便之处; 1949年以后玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲进入了以农为主时期, 人工绿洲由小片联接成大片, 扩大成新疆第四大绿洲群; 20世纪70年代以后城市化时期, 流域绿洲的二、三产业快速崛起.根据绿洲发展演变与水资源开发程度和灌溉水平将以农为主时期细分为4个阶段, 从4个阶段不同水利条件和灌溉水平下绿洲的规模可以看出人工绿洲的演变进程是与流域水资源利用水平紧密结合的; 玛纳斯河流域绿洲扩张的特点有: 人文因素对其有很大影响, 移民屯垦在绿洲发展中起了重要作用, 近60 a来人工绿洲面积成倍扩大, 尽管水利建设支撑绿洲发展, 但仍受到流域水资源的限制.
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| 关 键 词： | 人工绿洲 演变过程 特点 玛纳斯河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-08-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2011-12-07 |
Artificial Oasis Evolution and Its Characteristics in the Manas River Basin,Northern Xinjiang Region |
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| ZHANG Qing-qing,XU Hai-liang,FAN Zi-li,ZHANG Peng,YU Pu-jia,LING Hong-bo.Artificial Oasis Evolution and Its Characteristics in the Manas River Basin,Northern Xinjiang Region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(1):72-80. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qing-qing XU Hai-liang FAN Zi-li ZHANG Peng YU Pu-jia LING Hong-bo |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi Xinjiang 830011, China;
2. National Field Observation and Research Station for Oasis Farmland Ecosystem in Aksu, Aksu Xinjiang 843000, China;
3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on historical documents,field survey and remote sensing image data,artificial oasis evolution in the last 2000 years are analyzed,and the relationship between artificial oasis evolution and water resources utilization and the characteristics of artificial oasis expansion are discussed in this paper.It is revealed that:(1) Oasis evolution in the basin over the 2000 years can be divided into four periods.Before the 1700s,Manas River basin was an area dominated by animal husbandry.Oasis was only distributed in traffic routes and military bases.During the period from the 1700s to 1949,the basin entered a period of semi-farming and semi-grazing.Oasis was a small block located around the river and spring water.After 1949,there is a farming-dominated period,when small pieces of oases in the basin connected together into a large one,and then expands to be the fourth largest oases group in Xinjiang Region.Especially after the 1970s,the second and third industries in the basin have grown up rapidly;(2) The farming-dominated period can be subdivided into four phases according to the scale of water projects and the level of irrigation.In the four phases,from the oasis scales one can see that artificial oasis evolution has a close connection with water resource utilization;(3) Oasis expansion in the basin characterized by humanity factor.Immigration settlement plays an important role in the development of the basin.Artificial oasis has a great development in the last 60 years,and oasis development still subjects to restrictions of water resources,in spite of the fact that water conservancy construction is strengthened. |
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| Keywords: | artificial oasis evolution characteristics Manas River basin |
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