| 中国城乡家庭能源平等变化特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王强,周侃,林键.中国城乡家庭能源平等变化特征分析[J].地理学报,2022,77(2):457-473. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王强 周侃 林键 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.福建师范大学地理研究所,福州 3500072.湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州 3500073.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 1001014.加利福尼亚大学默塞德塞拉内华达研究所,美国 默塞德 95340 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971159; 41971164)； |
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| 摘 要： | 能源转型是中国如期实现碳中和、碳达峰目标的必然路径,也是缩小城乡居民能源消费差距、实现能源平等的关键举措。基于2013年和2017年的家庭追踪调查数据,运用基尼系数、局部加权回归以及逐步回归等方法,在揭示中国城乡家庭能源平等的时空特征、能源转型效果基础上,定量评价影响地区间、城乡间家庭能源平等的驱动因素。结果表明：① 中国城乡家庭的能源消费水平总体呈明显不平等特征,但随着能源转型政策实施以及城乡融合进程加速,城乡家庭间能源不平等程度有所减小。② 对10609个城乡家庭样本、9类分区的比较显示,除长三角地区的家庭能源平等性较高外,其他地区均呈不同程度的非均衡性,尤其在云贵等西南地区的家庭能源不平等现象尤为突出。③ 家庭收入、家庭规模、城乡居住区位、气候条件以及现代化能源可获得性显著影响家庭能源支出,进而对区域间的家庭能源平等性造成影响,而当地的能源资源禀赋对家庭能源支出的影响并不显著。④ 尽管农村地区气态能源、电力资源普及有效推动了城乡家庭能源转型,但农村家庭需担负相较于城镇家庭居民更大的能源转型经济压力。
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| 关 键 词： | 城乡关系 能源支出 能源平等 能源转型 时空特征 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-02-22 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-11-17 |
Changes in energy equality between urban and rural households in China |
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| WANG Qiang,ZHOU Kan,LIN Jian.Changes in energy equality between urban and rural households in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2022,77(2):457-473. |
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| Authors: | WANG Qiang ZHOU Kan LIN Jian |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China2. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, China3. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China4. Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced 95340, USA |
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| Abstract: | Energy transition is an effective path to peaking carbon dioxide emissions before2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060,which is an effective measure to bridge the gaps between urban and rural families’ energy demand and realize energy equality.Based on the survey data from China Family Panel Studies provided by the Institute of Social Science Survey of Peking University,this paper takes the per capita residential energy cost as the key indicator,and applies three major tools to analyze the evolution of energy equality between urban and rural households during 2013-2017,including Gini coefficient and its decomposing technology,Lorenz curve and Lorenz asymmetry coefficient,Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing,and Stepwise Regression.Then,the significance and economic burden of household energy transition was evaluated.The results show that:(1) On the whole,there are inequalities in household energy cost at present.However,with the implementation of national and local energy transition policies in recent years,the promotion of urban-rural integration,and the increase in the income of urban and rural households,the gap between urban and rural areas had been considerably narrowed during 2013-2017,thus its contribution rate to the national inequality dropped from 26.8% to 24.0%.(2) From the spatial perspective,energy inequality is most prominent in the temperate and humid region covering Yunnan and Guizhou,while the distribution of energy cost in the Yangtze River Delta,which is hot in summer and cold in winter,was relatively reasonable.Meanwhile,energy inequality has remained in the other regions to varying degrees.(3) Household income,household size,residential location,climatic conditions,and modern energy availability significantly affect household energy expenditures,which in turn affect energy equality within a region and between urban and rural areas.However,energy endowment does not have an obvious influence on the household energy expenditures.(4) In recent years,national energy transition had achieved remarkable results,and there had been a widespread coverage of advanced fuels.As the wide use of canned gas/liquefied gas,natural gas/pipeline gas,and electricity in rural areas,a rapid energy transition from primary to advanced fuels was accelerated.Meanwhile,compared with urban residents,rural households are often under greater economic pressure in the energy transition,that is to say,achieving energy transition in rural households will increase higher extra cost than that of urban households with the same per capita income.In addition,in the current process of energy transition,relatively low-income urban households and relatively highincome rural households are the main participants. |
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| Keywords: | urban-rural relationship energy cost energy equality energy transition spatial and temporal characteristics China |
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