| 基于PRA方法的农户对干旱区草原生态保护政策的认知分析 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 苏珊,周丁扬,李晓,李贵芳.基于PRA方法的农户对干旱区草原生态保护政策的认知分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(1):152-159. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 苏珊 周丁扬 李晓 李贵芳 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学地理科学学部资源学院, 北京 100875;
2. 环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心, 北京 100029;
3. 中国人民大学经济学院, 北京 100872 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 自然科学基金（91325302） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 自2000年以来，中国草原牧区实施的一系列草原建设和保护工程引起了草地利用方式和农牧民传统生产模式的改变。农牧户作为生产经营活动的直接参与者和草原生态保护政策的实施主体，其认知态度与行为选择将直接影响政策实施效果，对草原生态环境有着直接影响。以黑河上游肃南县干旱区草原为例，选取了自由放牧区、半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区三个不同类型牧区，采用参与式农户评估方法（PRA），分析了农牧民对草原生态保护政策的认知情况和实施效果及其在当前政策背景下倾向性的草原放牧措施。结果表明：（1）相对宽松的草地资源约束使自由放牧区内农牧民的草原保护政策认知水平较高，58.1%的农牧户对季节性休牧和补贴数额有较高的认同度，但存在超载放牧现象。（2）半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区农牧民对草原保护政策的认知水平偏低，同时，舍饲养殖导致的生产成本上升使该趋势进一步加剧，71.7%的农牧户响应禁牧政策的积极性不高且认为禁牧补贴数额不合理。建议从增加非农就业机会、完善农村金融服务体系、细化草原补奖标准和调整草地资源约束的角度因地制宜采取配套措施，实现保护生态和农牧民增收双目标。
|
| 关 键 词： | 草原生态 参与式农户评估 认知 行为选择 黑河上游 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-08-11 |
Farmers' cognition and response of arid grassland ecological protection policy based on participatory rural Appraisal |
| |
| SU Shan,LI Xiao,ZHOU Ding-yang,LI Gui-fang.Farmers' cognition and response of arid grassland ecological protection policy based on participatory rural Appraisal[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(1):152-159. |
| |
| Authors: | SU Shan LI Xiao ZHOU Ding-yang LI Gui-fang |
| |
| Institution: | 1. College of Resources Science & Technology, Geographical Science Department, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China;
3. School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872 |
| |
| Abstract: | As the important ecological barrier and main water conservation district in northwest China and even the whole country,grassland in arid areas are not only basic natural resources of regional social and economic conditions but also the core of new silk roads.There are superior natural conditions and channel advantages for development of animal husbandry.But long time overload grazing state combined with insufficient grassland protection investment had resulted in serious grassland degradation.This problem not only affected the production and living of local residents but also seriously hindered the sustainable development of social economy.Since 2000,China implemented a series of grassland construction and protection engineering in pastoral areas,caused a great change of grassland utilization way and traditional production pattern of farmers and herdsmen.As the direct participants of agricultural operation activities and the main body of implementation of grassland ecological protection policy,farmer's cognitive attitudes and behavior choice will directly affect the effect of policy implementation,correspondingly,the policy implementation effect will adversely affect on farmer's own livelihood choice as well as their livelihood interests.Therefore,to carry out investigation and research on the peasant household behavior is particularly important.At present,both of domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on farmers' response about agricultural policies as well as production decision-making activities of peasant household.However,most research analyzed farmers' response to agricultural policy and their management production behavior based on the characteristics of farmers' properties,this kind of research was a little less that through dividing research objects according to different types of grassland protection policy and then to do research about farmers' individual cognitive on grassland protection policy.Therefore,this study took the Sunan County,Gansu Province,china in the upstream region of Heihe River basin as an example,selected three different research region of the continuous grazing,agri-pastoral areas and confinement farming areas as the study area.Analyzed the farmers' attitudes and cognition under differ background of grassland protection policy and their tendency to grassland protection measures using the survey data from the method of Participatory Rural Appraisal.Then,we could provide decision-making references for ecological construction of prairie pastoral areas and regional sustainable development.The results showed that relative loose grassland resources constraints in continuous grazing areas lead to higher cognitive level of farmers to grassland protection policy,The fifty-eight point one percent farmers had higher sense of identity to seasonal grazing and the amount of subsidies,even though,there was still a phenomenon of overgrazing.Farmers of agri-pastoral areas and confinement farming areas had lower cognitive level to grassland protection policy,at the same time,the rising cost of barn feeding breeding led the farmers' lower cognitive level to further aggravate lower.Seventy-one point seven percent of farmers' response to grazing prohibition policy was not good,meanwhile,they generally thought that grazing prohibition subsidy amount was not reasonable.This study suggested that relevant departments could through this aspects of increasing employment opportunities,improving the rural financial service system,refining the grassland award criteria and adjusting the grassland resources constraint to take corresponding measures to achieve the double goal of ecological protection and farmers' income rising. |
| |
| Keywords: | grassland ecology participatory rural appraisal cognitive attitude behavior choice the upstream of Heihe River |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《干旱区地理》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《干旱区地理》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
