A comparison of four snow models using observations from an alpine site |
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| Authors: | R Essery E Martin H Douville A Fernández E Brun |
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| Institution: | (1) Hadley Centre, London Road, Bracknell RG12 2SY, UK E-mail: rlhessery@meto.gov.uk, GB;(2) Météo-France/CNRM, Centre d’Etudes de la Neige, 1441 rue de la piscine, 38406 St Martin d’Heres Cedex, France, FR;(3) Météo-France/CNRM, 42 Avenue Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex, France, FR;(4) Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, Camino de las Moreras, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain, ES |
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| Abstract: | Results from four snow models-two used in climate models, one being developed for hydrological forecasting and one used for
avalanche forecasting-are compared with observations made during two contrasting winters at a site in the French Alps. The
models are all driven with hourly measurements of air temperature, windspeed, humidity, snowfall and downward longwave and
shortwave radiation, but they differ greatly in complexity. Results from the models are compared with measurements of snowdepth,
snow water equivalent, surface temperature, runoff and albedo. The models all represent the duration of snow cover well, but
differ in their predictions of peak accumulation and timing of runoff. Experience gained in this study is used to make recommendations
for a more ambitious intercomparison between a larger number of models for a wide range of environments.
Received: 31 July 1998 / Accepted: 12 February 1999 |
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