| 酸性矿坑废水对流域酸化的影响——以贵州兴仁县典型废弃煤矿区小流域为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐常源,吴 攀,陶秀珍,张翅鹏,韩志伟.酸性矿坑废水对流域酸化的影响——以贵州兴仁县典型废弃煤矿区小流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):135-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐常源 吴 攀 陶秀珍 张翅鹏 韩志伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 日本千叶大学园艺学部,Matsudo,271-8510,Chiba,Japan
2. 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州,贵阳,550003 |
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| 基金项目： | 日本科学振兴会科学研究费资助项目，国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 人们在开采使用矿产资源的同时,堆弃大量含有硫化物的废弃矿石和废渣于周围环境中。矿山环境中因硫化矿物氧化,导致采矿产生大量的酸性矿坑排水。这种水体具有低pH值,高电导率,高硫酸根和高重金属含量特征。酸性矿坑排水对下游水生生物及植物等具有很强的毒性,大量排放引起的环境问题受到广泛关注。为了了解酸性矿山排水对流域水体和土壤的影响,本文选择位于贵州省西南部兴仁的一个典型废弃煤矿区进行研究,通过测定矿坑排水、水库水、河水的pH之和EC,以及土壤的pH值,分析矿坑排水、地表水以及土壤pH值的空间变化情况,在此基础上对矿坑排水对流域酸化的影响进行了综合评价。
调查结果表明,酸性矿坑排水和受其影响的水库水体的电导率很高,且pH值均小于3。研究区域地表水（水库水、河水）本底水化学类型为Ca^2＋-HCO3^-型,其pH值在7左右,反映了流域内有碳酸盐岩广泛分布的自然环境特征。当受到酸性矿坑排水影响后,水化学类型转变为Ca^2＋-SO4^2-型,pH值则低于4.0。通常,酸性矿坑排水在流动过程中与河床中的碳酸盐岩发生中和反应,促使水体的pH升高。野外考察发现,研究区河道中碳酸盐岩中空易碎,其CaCO3成分因长期与酸性矿山排水发生反应而被耗尽。同时,在氧化条件下,酸性矿坑排水中的铁在流动过程中生成大量的氢氧化物覆盖了沿程的河床。这种覆盖作用抑制了酸性矿山排水进一步与碳酸盐岩发生中和反应。因此,在研究区分布有广泛的碳酸盐岩情况下,受酸性矿坑排水影响的河水到下游5km处仍保持较低的pH值。
研究区的主要农作物是水稻,其灌溉水源主要是水库水。为了了解酸性矿坑排水对土壤的影响,对水库下游流域土壤pH值的空间分布进行普查,统计其出现频率。结果表明,以受酸性矿坑排水影响的水库水作为灌溉水源
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| 关 键 词： | 酸性矿坑排水 流域酸化 煤矿废渣 |
| 收稿时间： | 5/8/2009 12:00:00 AM |
The basin acidification affected by AMD: A case study in Xingren county, Guizhou, China |
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| Tang Chang-yuan,Wu Pan,Tao Xiu-zhen,Zhang Chi-peng and Han Zhiwei.The basin acidification affected by AMD: A case study in Xingren county, Guizhou, China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(2):135-143. |
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| Authors: | Tang Chang-yuan Wu Pan Tao Xiu-zhen Zhang Chi-peng and Han Zhiwei |
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| Institution: | Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University;College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University;Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University;College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University;College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University |
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| Abstract: | Pyrite oxidation at mine sites has been blamed for the acid mine drainage (AMD), which becomes a long term environmental problem in the basin scale. A typical closed mine site in Xingren, Guizhou was chosen to investigate the variation of pH in the AMD and surface water and its effects on the basin acidification. The pH value was found to be around 3.0 in the AMD and acidic water reservoir. When the acidic water flows, it reacted with the rock blocks of limestone in the river. At the same time, AMD has a typical orange or ocherous appearance which is due to the iron hydroxide that is formed during the oxidation. The iron hydroxide precipitates as sludge, forming a coat on river bottom and bank that prevents further reaction of acidic water with the river bed. It was found that the pH value in surface water was kept low even 5km downstream of the sources AMD. The most frequent pH values in soil samples with and without acidic water irrigation were 5.0 and 6.5, respectively, indicating soil acidification within the basin. |
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| Keywords: | acid mine drainage basin acidification coal mine dump |
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