| 干旱区盐渍化土地梨园覆草效应研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘虎俊,王继和,胡明贵,杨自辉,边克俭.干旱区盐渍化土地梨园覆草效应研究[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):411-416. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘虎俊 王继和 胡明贵 杨自辉 边克俭 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省治沙研究所, 甘肃武威 733000 |
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| 基金项目： | “九五”国家林业科技攻关项目!（96017010103） |
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| 摘 要： | 在河西走廊中部沙区,分别于1997年5月、1998年5月和7月,给梨园树行覆宽1 m,厚15~20 cm麦草。观测土壤含盐量、湿度、温度、有机质、树下杂草和梨树根系在土壤中的分布、1 a生枝的生长量。树行内覆草降低了0~30 cm土层的K+ + Na+、Ca2+和SO42-的含量。当土壤含水量较小时,0~10 cm覆草土壤含盐量随气温的变化趋势与未覆草土壤相似,但变化幅度小;土壤含水量较大时,覆草土壤含盐量与气温呈负相关。随着覆草时间的延长,单位时间内土壤有机质增长率相对减小。0~60 cm覆草土层根系的分布量为未覆草的2.67倍,覆草有利于梨树地上部分的生长。覆草初期,树行内的1 a生杂草增加;随着覆草时间的延长,1 a生杂草减少;梨树行覆草18个月后,1 a生杂草和多年生杂草数量分别为未覆草的8.6%和77.8%。在河西走廊,果园覆草可选在5月至8月初。
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| 关 键 词： | 干旱区 树行 覆草 效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 1999-02-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 1999-05-10 |
Mulching Effect of Pyrus Yard on Saline Soil in Arid Area |
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| LIU Hu-jun,WANG Ji-he,HU Ming-gui,YANG Zi-hui,BIAN Ke-jian.Mulching Effect of Pyrus Yard on Saline Soil in Arid Area[J].Journal of Desert Research,1999,19(4):411-416. |
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| Authors: | LIU Hu-jun WANG Ji-he HU Ming-gui YANG Zi-hui BIAN Ke-jian |
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| Institution: | Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Wuwei 733000, China |
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| Abstract: | The mulching effect test was carried out in middle desert zone of Hexi Corridor with precipitation 113.4 mm, drought degree 5.1. A 4 year old \%Pyrus\% yard with stock of \%Pyrus betulaefolia\% Bage was selected to be covered with wheat straw of 1 m width and 15~20 cm thickness in May of 1997, May and July of 1998. The check plot was bare land. The measured contents included salt content, moisture (0~60 cm), temperature (0~25 cm), organic matter (0~30 cm), weeds, roots distribution and growth amount of one year old twig. When covered wheat straw in raw of \%Pyrus\% yard for 18 months, the contents of K\ Na\ ,Ca\ \{2 \} and SO\-4\ \{2-\} of 0~30 cm soil reduced; the salt contents of 0~10 cm reduced by 67% and that of 30~60 cm increased by 0.06%; the salt content of 10~30 cm soil did not change. These showd that the covering wheat straw in raw of \%Pyrus\% yard are advantageous for draining salt of 0~30 cm soil, and reducing gathering amount of salt at surface of land. When soil moisture is lower, the change type of salt content of 0~10 cm soil is similar to bare land with season changing, but change range is lower. When soil moisture is higher, salt content of soil changes negatively with temperature variation. In the season with higher temperature, the change range of soil temperature in a day is reduced by covering straw in raw of \%Pyrus\% yard. When temperature is lower in autumn, the temperature of soil covered by straw increases and then goes down slowly. The amount of organic matter increases by covering wheat straw. But with prolonged time, the increase ratio of organic matter in soil relatively reduces. The increasing amount of organic matter after 4 months from being covered straw in raw of \%Pyrus\% yard is 5 times as much as the increasing amount of organic matter after 18 months, and 138 times as much as bare land's. The time for covering straw in Hexi corridor may choose May to early August. In the early period of covering straw, amount of annual weeds, wheat is a main weed, in raw increase. With prolonged time of covering straw, amount of annual weeds reduce. After 18 months of covering straw, the amount of annual and perennial weeds is 8.6 and 77.8 percent of bare land's. The covering wheat straw in raw of \%Pyrus\% yard is beneficial to the growth of top roots of \%Pyrus\%: The amount of roots of \%Pyrus\% (<2 mm) in 0~10 cm and 0~60 cm soil is 37.5 and 2.67 times to bare land's. The growth amount of one year old twig of \%Pyrus\% tree on bare land is 87.17 percent of tree's on land with straw. When air temperature is higher, 0~60 cm layer of soil run away water in wheat straw coverd land, but take in water in bare land, and the reason need further studying. |
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| Keywords: | arid area inter trees sod mulch effect |
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