| 广东南岭国家级自然保护区森林鸟类多样性监测 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘志发,杨昌腾,龚粤宁.广东南岭国家级自然保护区森林鸟类多样性监测[J].热带地理,2018,38(3):328-336. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘志发 杨昌腾 龚粤宁 |
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| 作者单位： | （广东南岭国家级自然保护区管理局，广东 乳源 512727） |
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| 摘 要： | 野生鸟类资源是自然保护区生物多样性的重要组成部分，为了解广东南岭国家级自然保护区鸟类种类和数量动态变化以及鸟类栖息地环境状况，2017年4月、7月和10月对区内11条鸟类监测样线进行了调查。调查结果显示：1）记录鸟种11目27科89种，其中雀形目15科61种；发现频次888次，记录数量3 367只，频次和数量均居前五的有栗背短脚鹎Hemixos castanonotus、灰眶雀鹛Alcippe morrisonia、灰树鹊Dendrocitta formosae、红嘴相思鸟Leiothrix lutea。2）居留型以留鸟为主，共61种，占68.5%；夏候鸟15种，占16.9%；旅鸟7种，占7.9%；冬侯鸟6种，占6.7%。鸟类区系组成以东洋界鸟种为主，共62种，占总数的69.7%；广布种19种，占21.3%；古北种8种，占9.0%。3）4月份是南岭鸟类繁殖活跃期，也是调查记录鸟种和数量最多的月份。11条样线中，相思坑、炉田、横水、南木、泽子坪、电视台、第一峰鸟类多样性（Shannon Wiener index）较高，怡坑、仙洞、担杆冲、竹坳多样性较低。4）根据海拔和植被类型，样线鸟类群落可分为4类：低海拔针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、高海拔针阔混交林和山顶矮林。300~1 500 m的针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林生境鸟类群落并没有很大差异，优势种均为栗背短脚鹎、灰眶雀鹛、灰树鹊等；而高海拔山顶矮林（1 300~1 800 m）生境鸟种则明显不同，以画眉科（Timaliidae）的红嘴相思鸟、红头穗鹛、赤尾噪鹛、褐胸噪鹛、灰眶雀鹛及莺科（Sylviidae）的金头缝叶莺、比氏鹟莺、栗头鹟莺、冠纹柳莺为主。建议建立南岭鸟类多样性监测网络和评价体系，以鸟类长期监测数据，如种类变化、种群波动，作为评价保护区生态环境质量的指标。
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| 关 键 词： | 南岭 鸟类多样性 自然保护区 |
Forest Bird Diversity Investigation on the Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve |
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| LIU Zhifa,YANG Changteng and GONG Yuening.Forest Bird Diversity Investigation on the Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve[J].Tropical Geography,2018,38(3):328-336. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhifa YANG Changteng and GONG Yuening |
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| Institution: | （Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve，Ruyuan 512717，China） |
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| Abstract: | To understand the dynamic changes of bird species and numbers and the habitat status of birds in Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve, we surveyed 11 bird monitoring lines in April, July and October 2017. The results are: 1) 89 species were recorded (11 orders and 27 families), of which 61 species of 15 families in the passeriformes. The frequency of discovery was 888 times, and the number of records was 3367. Hemixoscastanonotus, Alcippemorrisonia, Dendrocittaformosae and Leiothrixlutea were in the top five. 2) The majority were resident birds, a total of 61 species, accounting for 68.5%; 15 species were summer migrants, accounting for 16.9%; 7 species of migrant birds, accounting for 7.9%; and 6 species of winter migrants, accounting for 6.7%. The composition of the bird fauna was dominated by Oriental-boundary bird species, totaling 62 species, accounting for 69.7%; 19 species widely distributed, accounting for 21.3%; and 8 species of ancient north species, accounting for 9.0%. 3) April is the active period of bird breeding in the Nanling Mountains, and it was also the month that recorded the most bird species and the largest number of birds. Among the 11 sample lines, Xiangsikeng, Lutian, Hengshui, Nanmu, Zeziping, Dianshitai and Diyifeng have a higher Shannon Wiener index compared to Yikeng, Xiandong, Danganchong and Zhuao. 4) According to altitude and vegetation type, bird communities can be divided into four categories: coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests (low elevation), evergreen broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests (high elevation) and mountaintop trollies. In the 300~1 500 m coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest, there was no great difference in the habitat of the bird community. The dominant species were Hemixoscastanonotus, Alcippemorrisonia and Dendrocittaformosaeetc. However, the habitat of high-altitude hilltop coppice (1300~1800 m) was obviously different, the common species were Leiothrixlutea, Stachyrisruficeps, Trochalopteronmilnei, Garrulaxmaesi and Alcippemorrisonia of Timaliidae and Phyllergatescuculatus, Seicercusvalentini, Seicercuscastaniceps and Phylloscopusreguloides of Sylviidae. It is recommended to establish a Nanling bird diversity monitoring network and evaluation system to use long-term bird monitoring data, such as species changes and population fluctuations, as indicators for evaluating the ecological environment quality of protected areas. |
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| Keywords: | the Nanling Mountains bird diversity nature reserve |
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