| 文化景观基因视角下传统村落保护与发展——以黔东北土家族村落为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 林琳,田嘉铄,钟志平,李诗元,任炳勋.文化景观基因视角下传统村落保护与发展——以黔东北土家族村落为例[J].热带地理,2018,38(3):413-423. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林琳 田嘉铄 钟志平 李诗元 任炳勋 |
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| 作者单位： | （1．中山大学 地理科学与规划学院，广州510275；2．中山大学 新华学院，广州 510520；3．深圳创新发展研究院，深圳518038） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41671162） |
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| 摘 要： | 通过深度访谈和意象图分析，对土家族传统村落朝阳村的文化景观基因进行识别、挖掘和提取，发现村落景观基因由环境基因“山-水-田-寨”“上寨-中寨-下寨”十字轴线空间格局，布局基因“屋-巷-屋”“屋-坝-巷”交织的街巷肌理，建筑基因穿斗式、干栏式民居建筑形式与惜字塔、王字格及虎图腾窗花、八字朝门等土家族建筑装饰元素，以及文化基因中的惜字文化、傩堂戏、摆手舞、土家礼仪等共同组成。研究发现，由于过度的旅游开发，无序地挖山采石，导致水土污染、梯田荒废，朝阳村传统村落山水田格局、屋坝巷肌理和传统建筑元素均遭到了严重破坏。为走出困境，朝阳村借助“公众参与”理念，通过搭建“政府-村委村民-社会团体”体系，组织多方共同参与朝阳村文化景观基因保护，更好地传承与延续文化景观基因。与此同时，在整合建筑符号元素、统一街巷传统风貌、整治村落自然环境等方面取得一些可供借鉴的经验。
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| 关 键 词： | 文化景观基因 土家族 传统村落 朝阳村 |
Protection and Renewal of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Cultural Gene:
A Case Study of Northeast Guizhou Tujia Minority |
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| LIN Lin,TIAN Jiashuo,ZHONG Zhiping,LI Shiyuan and REN Bingxun.Protection and Renewal of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Cultural Gene:
A Case Study of Northeast Guizhou Tujia Minority[J].Tropical Geography,2018,38(3):413-423. |
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| Authors: | LIN Lin TIAN Jiashuo ZHONG Zhiping LI Shiyuan and REN Bingxun |
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| Institution: | (1. School of Geography Science and Planning，SunYat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China；2. Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University，
Guangzhou 510520，China；3. Shenzhen Institute of Innovation and Development，Shenzhen 518038) |
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| Abstract: | Through the identification, mining and extraction of the cultural landscape gene of Chaoyang Village, a traditional village of Tujia nationality in Guizhou, by deep interview and image map analysis, we find that the cultural landscape of Chaoyang Village incorporates the cultural elements of the Tujia and Han nationalities. Its typical characteristics are reflected in the aspects of environmental characteristics, layout characteristics, architectural characteristics, and cultural characteristics. Among them environmental characteristics are village landscape gene with cross axis of “mountain-water-field-stockade” and “upper stockade-middle stockade-lower stockade”, Layout characteristics of the gene are represented by the lane and lane texture and the dendritic road network structure intertwined with “house-alley-house” and “house-dyke-alley”, architectural gene is embodied in forms of “crossing bracket type and stilt style” and architectural decorative elements from Tujia –Xizi Tower, Wangzi Tower, window grille of tiger totem and arranging the direction of gate according to the date of birth and the eight characters of a horoscope. The cultural gene of the village is composed of words-loving culture, exorcising opera, waving hand dance and Tujia etiquette. In general, the context of the environment, layout, and architectural genes relies on the cultural characteristics of the genes to exist, while the cultural genes use the environment, layout, and architectural characteristics of genes as the carrying objects of inheritance. At the same time, there are also a series of problems in Chaoyang Village. The study found that due to the excessive tourism development and disorderly quarrying, the soil and water of the village had been polluted and the terraced fields had become abandoned, the “mountain-water-field” pattern of traditional villages, the street texture of “house-dyke-alley” and the traditional architectural decorative elements in Chaoyang Village, had been severely damaged. In order to break through the dilemma, the leaders of Chaoyang Village took advantage of the concept of “public participation” and organized a “government-village committee-social group” system to organize multiple parties to participate in the protection of cultural landscapes in Chaoyang Village and better inherit and sustain the cultural landscape. Now we have obtained a series of lessons for us to learn from integrated elements of architectural symbols, unifying the traditional style of streets and lanes, and renovating village natural environments. The future research would focus on two aspects. First, study the protection and development of traditional villages in different regions and different ethnic groups. Second, introduce quantitative techniques and methods into the design of traditional village planning programs. At the same time, adhering to the “people-oriented” concept, we should seriously take the villagers’ behavioral activity into consideration. |
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| Keywords: | cultural gene Tujia Nationality traditional villages Chaoyang Village |
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