| 第四纪地质环境的人工再造作用与土地荒漠化 |
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| 引用本文： | 林年丰.第四纪地质环境的人工再造作用与土地荒漠化[J].第四纪研究,1998,18(2):128-135. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林年丰 |
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| 作者单位： | 长春科技大学!长春，130026 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金!49672121 |
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| 摘 要： | 第四纪地质环境的人工再造作用是一个新概念。文章在回顾人类文明历史发展的基础上,重点阐述了近50年来全球土地荒漠化发展的严重趋势。人工再造作用是人类过量的经济活动对岩石圈与生物圈接触介面产生的一种破坏作用,其动力是不断增长的世界人口及其巨大的物质需求。可将人工再造作用看作是第四纪中最新的一个地质事件。研究发现,这一破坏作用过程符合Logistic曲线的变化规律,因此可以采用Logistic数学模型开展深入研究。第四纪地质学家、环境地质学家对资源、环境、人口和可持续发展问题应给以更多的关注。
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| 关 键 词： | 第四纪地质环境 人工再造作用 土地荒漠化 Logistic曲线 |
| 收稿时间： | 1998-02-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 1998-02-28 |
ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION ON THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOIL DESERTIFICATION |
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| Lin Nianfeng.ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION ON THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOIL DESERTIFICATION[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998,18(2):128-135. |
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| Authors: | Lin Nianfeng |
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| Institution: | Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130026 |
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| Abstract: | In China the Quaternary geological environment has its own distinct features:various types of sediments, complex formation and wide distribution. Land ecosystem can be regarded as an interface between lithosphere and biosphere, in which material,energy and information exchange. Human beings' influence on the Quaternary geological environment become more and more significant. Only during the last 100～200 years,even in the last decade, the Earth appearance may have changed remarkably. For the sake of heir own development people predatorily make use of natural resources,resulting in the structure and function of ecosystem weakened or disappeared, resource shortage, ecosystem disequlibrium, and environment destruction, such as deforestation,soil erosion, meadow degeneration, desert expansion, and the soil desertification. The Quaternary is the period with frequent occurrence of geological hazards. The artificial reproduction on the Quaternary geological environment is a unique event the dynamic of which is the continuous expanding population and the increasing material requirement. In this century the world population increases by 46 billion (including 932 million in China), undoubtedly having strengthened the artificial reproduction. One or the serious results of artificial reproduction is soil desenification. Soil desertification is a general and complicated conception. Under the condition of arid and semi humid areas, excessive human activities may destroy the ecosystem and cause the soil barren, salinization, sand and desert. It alters the physical structure and chemical component of the soils and reduces soil nutrient which in turn makes the soil productive power decline, biomass decrease and soil barren. This is the whole process of soil desertification, which destroy the resource of soil and living things. It is difficult for the serious case to be recovered or be reconstructed, making the socioeconomic sustainable development impossible. The causes of soil desertification can be divided into two types:natural factor and artificial factor. The former is gradual and slow, and the farer is sudden and transient.There are some relationships between the two factors and we mainly focus on the natural soil desertification. The land square that has been or is being deserted is 4 560 800km2 and accounts for 35% of the Earth. Among the deserted areas Africa and Asia are most serious ones, accounting for 55% and 34% respectively. Europe is the smallest and accounts for 2%. The arid and send arid area in China is 3 100 000km2 and accounts for 32.29% of the territory. The desertification area is 373 000km2, which is distributed in the northwest Huabei and northeast districts. During the last tWo decades,desertification area has increased by 5000 000ha, in which the over herding, the reclaiming wasteland and cutting firewood constitute 34.55%, 7.45% and 38.00%respectively. The serious desertification areas include Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and the Inner Mongolia. Situated in the send arid and send humid areas, the west plain of Jinn is one of the ten famous grain production key bases. Its desertification is also serious. In the past it has not caught the attention. In recent fifty years, 40%meadow has disappeared and one third cultivated land desertificated to varied degrees.The average rate of desertification is 1.65% / a. If we could not take effective protection actions, half of the farm land would be turned into desert after fifty years and the whole land after one hundred years. We know the funchons that the destructive power of the resource (D) changes with bine and accord with the Logistic curve. The beating capacity (B) of resource and environment declines with bine and is reciprocal with the destructive power (D).We can use the general formation of the Logistic model (see formula) to indicate the formation process of the desertification and predict the development rate and intensity. The Quaternary geology is closely related with the modem ecosystem, and Quaternary geologist and environmental geologist sho |
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| Keywords: | the Quaternary geological environment artificial reproduction soil desenification Logistic curve |
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