| “Trends” and variations of global oceanic evaporation data sets from remote sensing |
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| 作者姓名： | CHIU Long S CHOKNGAMWONG R XING Yukun YANG Ruixin SHIE Chung-Lin |
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| 作者单位： | Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA;Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT Hong Kong, China;Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA;Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT Hong Kong, China;Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA;Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA;UMBC/GEST, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;Code 6131. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
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| 基金项目： | Foundation item： The CUHK under contract No. DG-2020925. |
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| 摘 要： | The variability in global oceanic evaporation data sets was examined for the period 1988-2000. These data sets are satellite estimates based on bulk aerodynamic formulations and include the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Flux version 2 （ GSSTF2）, the Japanese-ocean flux using remote sensing observations （J-OFURO）, and the Hamburg Ocean-Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite version 2 （HOAPS2）. The National Center for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） reanalysis is also included for comparison. An increase in global average surface latent heat flux （SLHF） can be observed in all the data sets. Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） shows long-term increases that started around 1990 for all remote sensing data sets. The effect of Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 is clearly evident in HOAPS2 but is independent of the longterm increase. Linear regression analyses show increases of 9.4%, 13.0%, 7. 3%, and 3.9% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2 and NCEP, for the periods of the data sets. Empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analyses show that the pattern of the first EOF of all data sets is consistent with a decadal variation associated with the enhancement of the tropical Hadley circulation, which is supported by other satellite observations. The second EOF of all four data sets is an ENSO mode, and the correlations between their time series and an SO1 are 0.74, 0.71,0.59, and 0.61 for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2, and NCEP in that order. When the Hadley modes are removed from the remote sensing data, the residue global increases are reduced to 2.2% , 7. 3%, and 〈 1% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO and HOAPS, respectively. If the ENSO mode is used as a calibration standard for the data sets, the Hadley mode is at least comparable to, if not larger than, the ENSO mode during our study period.
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| 关 键 词： | 海洋蒸发 气候变化 ENSO 环流量 海洋气候 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007/7/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 1/6/2008 12:00:00 AM |
"Trends" and variations of global oceanic evaporation data sets from remote sensing |
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| CHIU Long S,CHOKNGAMWONG R,XING Yukun,YANG Ruixin,SHIE Chung-Lin."Trends" and variations of global oceanic evaporation data sets from remote sensing[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2008,27(3):124-135. |
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| Authors: | CHIU Long S CHOKNGAMWONG R XING Yukun YANG Ruixin and SHIE Chung-Lin |
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| Institution: | 1.Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA;Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT Hong Kong, China2.Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA3.UMBC/GEST, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;Code 6131. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
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| Abstract: | The variability in global oceanic evaporation data sets was examined for the period 1988--2000. These data sets are satellite esti-mates based on bulk aerodynamic formulations and include the NASA/Coddard Space Flight Center Satellite-based Surface Turbu-lent Flux version 2 (GSSTF2), the Japanese-ocean flux using remote sensing observations (J-OFURO), and the Hamburg Ocean-Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite version 2 (HOAPS2). The National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis is also included for comparison. An increase in global average surface latent heat flux (SLHF) can be ob-served in all the data sets. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) shows long-term increases that started around 1990 for all re-mote sensing data sets. The effect of Mr. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 is clearly evident in HOAPS2 but is independent of the long-term increase. Linear regression analyses show increases of 9.4%, 13.0%, 7.3%, and 3.9% for GSSTF2,J-OFURO, HOAPS2 and NCEP, for the periods of the data sets. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses show that the pattern of the first EOF of all data sets is consistent with a decadal variation associated with the enhancement of the tropical Hadley circulation, which is supported by other satellite observations. The second EOF of all four data sets is an ENSO mode, and the correlations be-tween their time series and an SOI are 0.74, 0.71, 0.59, and 0.61 for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2, and NCEP in that order. When the Hadley modes are removed from the remote sensing data, the residue global increases are reduced to 2.2%, 7.3%,and < 1% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO and HOAPS, respectively. If the ENSO mode is used as a calibration standard for the data sets, the Hadley mode is at least comparable to, if not larger than, the ENSO mode during our study period. |
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| Keywords: | Oceanic evaporaton climate change ENSO Hadlay circulation |
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