Measurements of gas and aerosol for two weeks in northern China during the winter–spring period of 2000, 2001 and 2002 |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;3. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China;1. National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 86-450000, China;2. Tsinghua University, Beijing 86-100000, China;1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. International Center of Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Intensive measurements of gas and aerosol for 2 weeks were carried out at Qingdao (gas and aerosol in 2000, 2001 and 2002), Fenghuangshan (gas and aerosol in 2000 and 2001), and Dalian (aerosol in 2002) in the winter–spring period. High SO2 episodes were observed on 18 January 2000 at both Qingdao and Fenghuangshan. According to back trajectory calculations and analysis of gaseous species, high SO2 episodes were caused by local pollution and transport.Nitrate, sulfate and ammonium were the major species in PM2.5. Mass fractions of NO3?, nss-SO42? and NH4+ at Qingdao in 2002 were 10%, 12% and 5.5% for PM2.5, respectively, which were higher than that of nss-Ca2+ (1%). Chemical compositions observed at Dalian and Fenghuangshan were similar to those at Qingdao. The mass ratio of nss-SO42?/SO2 at Qingdao in winter was low (< 1.2), indicating that sulfate was probably produced by the slow oxidation of SO2 in the gas phase and/or was transported from outside of Qingdao in winter. The equivalent ratio of NH4+ to nss-SO42? was 1.39, suggesting that ammonium sulfate was one of the major chemical compositions in PM2.5. The NO3?/SO42? ratio at Qingdao was higher than that at remote places in East Asia. Gas and aerosol data obtained at Fenghuangshan were similar to data at Qingdao, suggesting that emissions from small cities may have a great influence on pollution in northern China. |
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