GPR prospection in ancient Ephesos |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Classics, Cornell University, 120 Goldwin Smith Hall, Ithaca 14853-3201, NY, USA;3. Department of Classical, Near Eastern, and Religious Studies, University of British Columbia, Buchanan C227, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada;1. Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli, Italy;2. Associazione Villaggio Letterario, Ustica, Palermo, Italy;3. Laboratorio Museo di Scienze della Terra, Ustica, Palermo, Italy;4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy;5. Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy;6. Ministero dei Beni Culturali, Italy;7. Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Italy;8. Regione Siciliana, Parco Archeologico di Himera, Solunto e Monte Iato, Italy;1. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Akademika Koptyuga Pr. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State Technical University, Karl Marx Pr. 2, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia;4. SEF FRC EGS RAS, Akademika Koptyuga Pr. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Urban area of ancient Ephesos (present Turkey) is too large to be fully excavated, so geophysical prospection and mapping can help with the investigation. Georadar is one of the most effective tools for it. Two different tasks solved by georadar are presented. The first problem was the interconnection between the city and the temple of Artemis. By historical records, it was made by two sacred procession roads, which had character of Graeco–Roman stoa, i.e., a roofed road. Only small parts of these roads were discovered in ruins or excavated. Some hundreds of metres from total length of a few kilometres became known, but the questions above were not solved. Then, the area was prospected by georadar. Series of GPR lines were scanned gradually from the last known points and evaluated right on the spot. As a result, a plan of georadar indications could be drawn. These indications created two lines tracing unknown parts of both roads joining together and then continuing till the entry of the temple. The results were confirmed by two boreholes. The second task was mapping of Hellenistic level of Tetragonos agora. At present, it is under the Roman level, and is visible only in some excavation pits. About a half the square was covered by detailed georadar survey. Numerous anomalies indicated presence of underground objects. Compared with the results of excavations, they were interpreted as ancient remains in several levels. Then plans of these indications were compiled for separated levels. Hellenistic buildings remains were mapped, forming an older agora, smaller and slightly different by its shape from the Roman building plan. Besides it, uncovered parts of Roman ruins were detected, as well as some remains of Classic and Archaic settlement levels. Some traces of even older human presence were found under them. Georadar results will serve as a guideline for future excavations. |
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