Toward green cartography & visualization: a semantically-enriched method of generating energy-aware color schemes for digital maps |
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| Authors: | Yangli Han Robert Roth |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;2. College of Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-1379;3. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA;4. College of Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-318X |
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| Abstract: | ABSTRACT We introduce a semantically-enriched method of generating color schemes for various types of digital maps that reduces the energy consumption of the display device while preserving the quality of the original design. Energy-aware design intersects two important trends in cartography. First, as more maps are viewed today on mobile, battery life has become a central constraint influencing design. Second, there is increasing need for green computing, which encourages the efficient use of energy to limit environmental impacts. This paper focuses on one important aspect of energy-aware cartography: color design. Existing research on energy-aware color adjustment methods apply broadly to images or websites. However, the colors used in maps have more structured semantic relationships than most documents viewed on mobile devices, and efforts to account for these relationships while reducing energy consumption are limited. To fill this gap, we mathematically formalize energy-aware map-color adjustment as a constrained optimization problem: we define energy consumption as the objective function and model the preservation of semantic relationships as the search constraints. We evaluate our proposed method against a common color dimming method using four maps with different semantic relationships. The evaluation suggests that our proposed method better preserves the original color semantics. |
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| Keywords: | Cartography visualization color theory energy-aware color schemes computer graphics mobile cartography green computing |
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-1379;3. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA;4. College of Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China