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Spatiotemporal changes in cadmium contamination in the Seine estuary (France) |
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| Authors: | Jean-François Chiffoleau Dominique Auger Emmanuelle Chartier Pierre Michel Isabelle Truquet André Ficht Jean-Louis Gonzalez Louis-Alexandre Romana |
| Institution: | 1. Institut Fran?ais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Centre de Nantes, Direction de l’Environnement et de l’Aménagement Littoral/Poluants Chimiques, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France 2. Cellule Antipollution de la Seine à Rouen, Service Navigation de la Seine, 66, Avenue Jacques Chastellain-Ile Lacroix, 76000, Rouen, France 3. Institut Fran?ais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Centre de Toulon, Direction de l’Environnement et de l’Aménagement Littoral/Polluants Chimiques, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, BP 330, 83507, La Seyne-sur-Mer Cedex, France |
| Abstract: | Cadmium (Cd) is among the major contaminants in the Seine estuary. In the biota, the RNO (Réseau National d’Observation, the French Mussel-Watch) has shown that Cd concentrations in mussels living at the mouth of the estuary are related to changes in inputs to this area of phosphogypsum, a calcium sulphate that is a by-product of the phosphoric acid naturally enriched with Cd. In the water column, Cd concentrations at several key estuary sites show a very marked trend toward decreased contamination in the particles as well as in the dissolved phase. The behavior of Cd in the estuary has been studied between 1991 and 1998 in the framework of the scientific program Seine-Aval. This program has highlighted punctual Cd inputs in the estuarine water column. The partition of Cd between the dissolved and the particulate phase, previously described in various estuaries, is characterized by an intense phenomenon of solubilization in the mixing zone freshwater-seawater, but the colloidal Cd fraction remains low along the whole salinity gradient, about 5% to 10% of the apparent dissolved fraction. Although the decrease of inputs induced a fall of Cd concentrations in the water column, laboratory experiments show that the estuarine particles are far from being exhausted in Cd. Despite continuous efforts to reduce the urban and industrial inputs into the estuarine and coastal waters, the Seine estuary still remains very contaminated by Cd. |
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