Antibiotic Resistance of Gram Negatives isolates from loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the central Mediterranean Sea |
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| Authors: | M Foti C Giacopello Teresa Bottari V Fisichella D Rinaldo C Mammina |
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| Institution: | aDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario SS Annunziata, 98167 Messina, Italy;bIstituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero, CNR – Spianata S. Raineri, 86 – 98122 Messina, Italy;cDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, I-90127 Palermo, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies on fish and marine mammals support the hypothesis that marine species harbor antibiotic resistance and therefore may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genetic determinants. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance to antimicrobial agents of Gram negative strains isolated from loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Oral and cloacal swabs from 19 live-stranded loggerhead sea turtles, with hooks fixed into the gut, were analyzed. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates to 31 antibiotics was assessed using the disk-diffusion method. Conventional biochemical tests identified Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Providencia spp., Morganella spp., Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shewanella spp. Highest prevalences of resistance was detected to carbenicillin (100%), cephalothin (92.6%), oxytetracycline (81.3%) and amoxicillin (77.8%). The isolates showing resistance to the widest range of antibiotics were identified as Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, antibiotic resistant bacteria reflect marine contamination by polluted effluents and C. caretta is considered a bioindicator which can be used as a monitor for pollution. |
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| Keywords: | Antibiotic resistance Antimicrobials Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Cloacal bacteria Mediterranean sea |
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