| 洪水水流压力及其影响因素模型试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖诗云,郭晓阳,李娜.洪水水流压力及其影响因素模型试验研究[J].水科学进展,2021,32(3):418-426. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖诗云 郭晓阳 李娜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.大连理工大学建设工程学部, 辽宁大连 116024 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划资助项目2017YFC1502701 |
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| 摘 要： | 洪水对洪泛区建筑会造成较大的危害，洪水荷载研究是洪泛区建筑脆弱性研究的基础。通过模型试验，研究不同水深流速的洪水对建筑表面的水流压力及其分布规律。试验在波流水槽中设置可调整出水口来控制作用于模型迎流面水流的深度和流速，模型分为2层，1层有洞口，2层无洞口，固定于出水口下游。结果表明:模型迎流面水流流速分布不均匀，水流压力从下至上逐渐减小；基于试验数据发现动水压力随着流速的增加而增加，且呈非线性关系，并据此提出了动水压力修正系数，改进了水流压力计算公式；水流压力和水深近似呈线性关系；洞口和边界会在一定程度上减小迎流面水流流速与水流压力。研究结果为洪泛区建筑的抗洪设计和抗洪能力评价提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 洪水 水深 流速 水流压力 模型试验 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-27 |
An experimental model to study the factors affecting flow pressure in floods |
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| Institution: | 1.Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China |
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| Abstract: | Floods cause great harm to buildings in flood zones, and the study of flood loads forms the basis for studying the vulnerability of such buildings. Tests were conducted on a model to study the pressure distribution on a building surface in a flood zone for various heights of floodwater and flow velocities. For these tests, the height of the floodwater and flow velocity on the incident flow surface of the model were controlled with an adjustable outlet on a wave flow tank. The model was divided into two layers, with holes being placed in the lower layer, and was located downstream of the outlet to the water tank. The test results show that the flow velocity is non-uniform and that the pressure due to the flow decreases from the bottom to the top of the model. The experimental data shows that the hydrodynamic pressure increases with an increase in flow velocity in a nonlinear manner. Based on this relationship, a hydrodynamic pressure correction coefficient is proposed to improve the accuracy of the calculation of flow pressure. The relationship between water pressure and water height is approximately linear. The presence of holes in the lower layer and boundary reduces the flow velocity and pressure to some extent. The results of this study provide a basis for flood-resistant designs of buildings and the evaluation of the flood-resistant capacities of buildings in flood zones. |
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