| 影响夏季北极航道航行的近地面气象要素时空变化特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 田忠翔,孙虎林,李志强,宋晓姜,孟上,陈志昆,李敏,李丙瑞.影响夏季北极航道航行的近地面气象要素时空变化特征分析[J].海洋学报,2022,44(11):12-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 田忠翔 孙虎林 李志强 宋晓姜 孟上 陈志昆 李敏 李丙瑞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.国家海洋环境预报中心 自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研究计划课题（2018YFA0605902） |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用ERA5再分析数据和我国北极科学考察期间获取的走航气象观测数据，分析了夏季影响船舶通航北极航道的关键近地面气象要素的时空变化特征。结果表明，7–8月的天气条件最适宜船舶在北极航道航行，9月低温、大风和大浪天气显著增多，对船舶航行影响较大，10月的天气更加恶劣，对船舶航行的挑战更大。低温天气主要出现在各航道的中段，大风和大浪天气集中在航道两端的海域。除北极中心区和10月的挪威海和巴伦支海以外，其余时间的海域出现大风和大浪天气的概率以增加趋势为主，但具有较大的年际变化。根据现有北极航道气象观测数据分析发现，东北航道能见度最差，西北航道能见度最好，中央航道居中。
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| 关 键 词： | 北极航道 气温 风速 有效波高 能见度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-14 |
Analysis on the characteristics of the temporal and spatial variation of near-surface meteorological parameters affecting the navigation in Arctic passage in summer |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China2.Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and the meteorological observation data obtained during Chinese Arctic Research Expeditions, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the key near-surface meteorological parameters that influence ship navigation in the Arctic passages in summer are analyzed. The results show that the weather conditions in July and August are the most suitable for ship navigation in the Arctic passages. The low temperature, strong wind and huge wave weather increase significantly in September, which impacts ship navigation greatly. The weather in October is even worse, posing a quit challenge to ship navigation. Low temperature mainly occurs in the middle of each passage, and strong wind and huge wave are concentrated in the areas at both ends of the passages. Both the strong wind probability and huge wave probability show a decreasing tendency in the entire Arctic passages in summer with large interannual changes except for the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea in October and the central Arctic in summer. According to the observation data, it is found that the northeast passage has the poorest visibility, the northwest passage has the best visibility, and the trans-Arctic passage has moderate visibility. |
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