The distribution of velocity and energy of saltating sand grains in a wind tunnel |
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| Institution: | 1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;2. Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California – Santa Cruz, 1156 High Str., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;3. Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;4. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy;5. Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA;6. SOGEES, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK;7. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;1. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Shanghai Electric Power Generation Engineering Co., Shanghai 201612, China;1. Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California – Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;2. IRE, NAS of Ukraine, 12 Ak. Proskury, Kharkov 61085, Ukraine;1. Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;2. Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Planetary Exploration Group, 11101 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA;3. Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, MC 100-23, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;4. Aeolis Research, 600 N. Rosemead Blvd., Suite 205, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA;5. University of Maryland, James A. Clark School of Engineering, 4611 College Ave, College Park, MD 20740, USA |
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| Abstract: | Sand transport by wind is a special case of two-phase flow of gas and solids, with saltating grains accounting for about 75% of the transport rate. This form of flow is not only the main external agent moulding aeolian landforms but also the motive force responsible for transport, sorting and deposition of aeolian sediments. High-speed multiflash photography is an effective method of studying the distribution of velocity and energy of saltating grains within the boundary layer of wind tunnel. The experimental wind shear velocities were set at 0.63, 0.64, 0.74 and 0.81 ms?1. The statistical study of the results showed that there is a power function relation between mean velocity and height of saltating grains. As the height is divided into 0.5-cm intervals, the sand grain velocities at various levels are consistent with the Pearson VII distribution pattern. The variations in kinetic energy and total energy of sand grains with height accord with the pulse peak modified with power term (Pulsepow) law; the maximum values occur at heights of 6 cm or so and tend to shift upward with increasing wind velocity. |
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