On the determination of the energy and depth of volcanic explosions (paper dedicated to G. S. Gorshkov) |
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| Authors: | G S Steinberg |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Volcanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, USSR
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| Abstract: | The determination of the energy and depth of powerful volcanic explosions using direct geophysical and geological methods is rarely successful. In most of cases investigators have to solve the problem of estimating the energy of an explosion, its depth, the mass and the amount of thrown-out materials from the dimensions of the funnel (crater, maar) and from geological data. Experiments with big throw-out blasts have allowed us to determine the energy and depth of explosions by giving us relations which determine the radius of the explosion funnel as a function of the energy of explosion and of the depth of its center (1) $$R_o = F(E,W)$$ whereR o is the radius of the funnel,E is the energy,W is the depth of the explosion center. The inverse problem — to determineE andW from a knownR o — has an ambiguous solution and it is solved parametrically relative toE andW. In order to obtain an unambiguous solution, some more or less arbitrary conditions must be assumed. When the problem of volcanic explosions is examined from the outer ballistic point of view the following equation is obtained whereR t is the throw-out distance of explosion fragments. (2) $$R_1 = F(E,W)$$ Equations (1) and (2) give us an unambiguous determination of the energy of explosionE and of the depth of the centerW. There is a good correlation between these results and the data from direct geophysical observations. |
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