| 松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演化 |
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| 引用本文： | 李取生,邓伟,钱贞国.松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演化[J].地理科学,2000,20(4):362-367. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李取生 邓伟 钱贞国 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院长春地理研究所长春 130021 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院湖沼基金二期支持项目的部分成果 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文运用环境变迁的理论和方法，较系统地分析了松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演变机制。本区沼泽形成的主要控制因素是古河道变迁、新构造运动、风力作用、古气候变化。沼泽残余盐碱化与晚更新世松辽大湖的消亡、河道变迁有关，现代盐碱化则主要是水利工程、植被破坏和气候变化引起的，而且呈迅速加剧的趋势。防治沼泽盐碱化的主要措施是实施水稻和芦苇开发、大规律建立蓄洪区和自然保护区。
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| 关 键 词： | 松嫩平原 沼泽演变 盐碱化机制 防治措施 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0690(2000)-0362-06 |
Study on the Formation and Changes of Saline-Alkaline Mire in Songnen Plain |
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| Li Qusheng,Den Wei,Qian Zhengguo.Study on the Formation and Changes of Saline-Alkaline Mire in Songnen Plain[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2000,20(4):362-367. |
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| Authors: | Li Qusheng Den Wei Qian Zhengguo |
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| Abstract: | The saline-sodic mires with areas of 578000 hrn2 in the western Songnen Plain are one kind of the importantland resources and the most prospective landscape. However, they faced to rapid development of salinisation and degrada-tion of ecological function. The study of the formation and changes processes is significant for saline- sodic mires manage-ment. In this paper the mechanism of saline- sodic mire formation and development was analyzed systematically using themethodology and theory of environmental change. The genesis of the mire here are: ①uneven subsidence of the crustmused by Neo- tectonic movement,② widespread distributed paleo- river channels and water- logged lands caused byfrequently river channel changes since Late Pleistocene, ③ wind erosion resulted in the eolian water-logged land mires,④ paleo-climate also caused the mire changes.
The processes of mire salinisafion include historical relic salinisation and modem salinisation. The mechanism of his-torical relic salinisafion is the long term accumulation of salts because of the evaporation in the closed lake basins formedafter the disappearance of paleo- Songliao Big Lake, the logged lands formed by river channel changes and eolian erosion.In this area there was a lake as big as 50,000ki2 during early Pleistocene and middle Pleistocene. Since late Pleistocenethis lake disappeared and formed lot of small dosed shallow ponds or water- logged lands because of upward crust move-ment and sedimentation. For example in Dapushu Lake the total dissolved salt in sediments is as high as 6mg/kg, PH ashigh as 10.3. The paleo- river channel changes also played substantial role in mire salinisation. Since late Pleistoceneabout 40 big river channel changes occurred and formed large area of closed lakes. The modem process of mire salinisationis caused by the dwindling of fresh water supplement and damps of the drainage after construction of dams of the riversand reservoirs. For example in low Taoerhe River reach, the water total salt content floodplain is two times of that inchannel because of river dams. The drought and destroyed vegetation also accelerated this process.
The effective measures of protection salinisation and mire management are planting paddies, irrigating reds usingfloods and setting up nature reserves. |
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| Keywords: | Songnen Plain Changes of Mires Mechanism of Alkalization Management Techniques |
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