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| 1980-2010 年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应 | |
| 引用本文： | 杨依天,郑度,张雪芹,刘羽.1980-2010 年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):813-824. |
| 作者姓名： | 杨依天 郑度 张雪芹 刘羽 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101; 2. 河北民族师范学院, 承德067000; 3. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049 |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB421307;2012CB955403)~~ |
| 摘 要： | 在气候变暖、西部大开发及2009 年以来实施的19 省市对口援疆建设背景下,和田绿洲面临着全方位经济发展所引发的水土资源需求的巨大挑战。为此,基于研究区3 期18 景TM/ETM+遥感影像目视解译,从空间耦合角度分析了和田绿洲1980-2010 年土地利用变化及其环境效应。研究表明:① 1980-2010 年,和田绿洲土地利用时空变化显著。耕地、城乡工矿居民地面积分别增加了32.32%、142.23%,灌丛与荒漠草地面积分别减少了23.12%、18.82%。新增耕地主要源于草地、未利用地开垦及毁林开荒。绿洲耕地向西北方向逆盛行风向扩张,其质心年平均偏移16.5 m。② 中游绿洲区与下游荒漠区的绿洲面积、土地利用程度综合指数、信息熵与均衡度等分别呈现上升与下降相反趋势。这种以耗水量为纽带的空间耦合源于中游耕地扩张导致的下游径流量逐年减少而造成的下游土地退化。③ 耕地扩张提高土地利用综合水平的同时,林地与草地遭受破坏,土地利用结构信息熵上升,过渡带植被受损严重,系统不稳定性增强,威胁到和田绿洲稳定,进而危及塔里木河下游生态安全。故建议进一步调整农业内部产业结构,缩减高耗水量作物种植面积,严禁以各种名义的开荒;制定塔里木河流域地表水分配法案,立法保障关于地表水分配、增加生态用水等规定严格实施,同时严禁地下水过量开采。 |
| 关 键 词： | 土地利用变化 环境效应 空间耦合 和田绿洲 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-10-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-03-02 |
The spatial coupling of land use changes and its environmental effects on Hotan oasis during 1980-2010 |
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| YANG Yitian,ZHENG Du,ZHANG Xueqin,LIU Yu.The spatial coupling of land use changes and its environmental effects on Hotan oasis during 1980-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(6):813-824. | |
| Authors: | YANG Yitian ZHENG Du ZHANG Xueqin LIU Yu |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Hebei Teachers College for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| Abstract: | Under the background of climate warming, implementation of China's Western Development Policy, and aids from 19 provinces and municipalities for economic development in Xinjiang since 2009, Hotan oasis has faced great challenges for demands of water and land resources. The visual interpretation method was used to process TM/ETM+ image on some field surveys in this region. Then the land use changes in Hotan oasis and their environmental effects were analyzed by using spatial coupling. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) There have been some obvious spatiotemporal changes in the land-use structure of Hotan oasis. The areas of cultivated land and urban-rural-land increased by 32.32% and 142.27%, respectively; while those of bushland and desert grassland reduced by 23.12% and 18.82%, respectively. The former came mainly from the grassland and forest and unused-land reclaimed during the period of 1980-2010. Because of the expansion of cultivated-land towards the northwest, the gravity center of cultivated-land shifted 4.96 km with a direction against the prevailing wind. (2) The spatial coupling, which is linked by water consumption, exists between middle and lower reaches, which show a rise and a fall of the integrated index, information entropy and balanced degree, as well as the oasis areas. For the excessive water consumption in middle reaches, there is less and less water in lower reaches, resulting in serious land degradation. (3) Expansion of cultivated land in oasis exploitation increased the comprehensive level of land use; while the information entropy also increased, which severely damaged the vegetation in transitional zone, resulting in ecosystem instability, then posed a threat to the ecological security of Tarim River. It is suggested that the agricultural restructuring should be carried out. To be specific, sown area of the high water consumption crops should be reduced. At the same time, the laws and regulations on water resource distribution in Tarim River Basin should be implemented to ensure water resource balance, eco-water resource increase, as well as to prohibit expansion of cultivated land and over-exploitation of groundwater. |
| Keywords: | Hotan oasis spatial coupling land use change environmental effect |
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