Evaluating the influence of candidate terrestrial protected areas on coral reef condition in Fiji |
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| Institution: | 1. ARC Centre of Excellence in Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia;2. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Australia;3. Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji;4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia;5. School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China;3. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In any given region, there are multiple options for terrestrial protected area networks that achieve goals for conservation of terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem values. When deciding on the location of terrestrial protected areas, planners typically focus only on terrestrial conservation goals, ignoring potential linked benefits to marine ecosystems. These benefits include maintenance of downstream water quality, as forest protection can prevent changes in amount and composition of river runoff that negatively impacts coral reefs. This study aims to determine the benefit of different terrestrial reserve networks to the condition of coral reefs adjacent to the main islands of Fiji to support the work of Fiji's Protected Area Committee in expanding the national protected area estate through integrated land–sea planning. Options for terrestrial protected area networks were designed using six approaches, where the primary objective of each approach was to either achieve terrestrial conservation goals (e.g., represent 40% of each vegetation type) or maximize benefits to coral reefs by minimizing potential for land-based runoff. When achieving terrestrial conservation goals was the primary objective, the potential benefits to coral reef condition were 7.7–10.4% greater than benefits from the existing network of protected areas. When benefiting reefs was the primary objective, benefits to coral reefs were 1.1–2.8 times greater per unit area than networks designed to only achieve terrestrial conservation goals, but 31–44% of the terrestrial conservation goals were not achieved. These results are already being used by Fiji's Protected Area Committee to modify the boundaries of existing priority places to deliver outcomes that better meet terrestrial conservation goals while offering greater benefits to coral reef condition through prevention of run-off. |
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| Keywords: | Coral reef Integrated land–sea planning Protected areas Run-off Spatial conservation prioritization Trade-off |
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