Sustaining marine life beyond boundaries: Options for an implementing agreement for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), 41 rue du Four, 75 006 Paris, France;2. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, 105 Irving Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;1. Institute for Sustainable Development and International relations (IDDRI), 27 rue Saint-Guillaume, 75337 Paris Cedex 07, France;2. Currently Commonwealth Secretariat, Previously Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS);3. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN);4. Globelaw;1. Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS) and Utrecht Center for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law (UCWOSL), Utrecht University, Newtonlaan 201, 3584 BH, Utrecht, the Netherlands;2. STRONG High Seas Project, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Berliner Strasse 130, D-14467, Potsdam, Germany;1. BIOGOV Unit, Centre for the Philosophy of Law (CPDR), Université catholique de Louvain, Collège Thomas More, Place Montesquieu 2, bte L2.07.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;2. Institut Français de Recherche pour l׳Exploitation de la MER, Researcher at Unité Environnement Profond, DEEP du Département des Ressources physiques et Ecosystèmes de Fond de mer (REM), Unité Halieutique Méditerranée (HM) du Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement (RBE), UMR 212, Ecosystème Marin Exploité (EME), Bd Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex, France;3. International Governance of Biodiversity, Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales (IDDRI) Sciences Po. Paris, 41, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France;4. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Environmental Law Centre, Godesberger Allee 108-112, 53175 Bonn, Germany |
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| Abstract: | For nearly a decade, governments have been discussing the need to improve efforts to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Support for a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – an Implementing Agreement – on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ has been growing. In June 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, States agreed to take a decision on the development of an international instrument under UNCLOS before the end of the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which runs from September 2014 to August 2015. In follow-up to this commitment, it was agreed to consider the “scope, parameters and feasibility” of this instrument. To inform these international discussions, this article highlights some potential options for the content of a new UNCLOS Implementing Agreement. It first reviews the history of UN discussions, and then elaborates on options to address key elements identified as priorities for States in 2011: marine genetic resources, including the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It addresses cross-cutting issues such as the governing principles, institutional structure as well as on other critical points such as High Seas fishing and flag State responsibilities. The article concludes with suggestions on possible next steps in order to succeed in the negotiations for an agreement. |
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| Keywords: | Areas beyond national jurisdiction Rio + 20 United Nations General Assembly Marine genetic resources Marine protected areas Environmental impact assessments |
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