Using multi-date high spectral resolution data to assess the physiological status of macroscopically undamaged foliage on a regional scale |
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| Institution: | 1. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, 118 21, Czech Republic;2. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic;3. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic;1. Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716, USA;1. Fire Weather Research Laboratory, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA;2. Scion New Zealand Crown Research Institute, Christchurch, NZ 8041, USA;3. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV 6505, USA;4. Alion Science and Technology, Durham, NC 27713, USA;1. Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;3. US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716, USA;1. Air Resources Division, National Park Service, PO Box 25287, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA;2. US EPA Clean Air Markets Division, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20640, USA;3. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, University of Vermont Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA;4. National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr., Champaign, IL 61820, USA;5. USDA Forest Service R & D, 1601 North Kent Street, RPC-4, Arlington, VA 22209, USA;1. Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology (FUUAST), Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi 75300, Pakistan;2. Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan;3. The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;4. Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;1. Forest Health Dynamics Laboratory, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;2. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA |
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| Abstract: | Forests play an important role in regulation of the global climate; moreover, they provide human beings with a whole range of ecosystem services. Forest health and ecosystem functioning have been influenced by anthropogenic activities and their consequences, such as air pollution, surface mining, heavy metal contamination, and other biotic and abiotic stress factors, which had an especially serious effect on central Europe. Many aspects of the physiological state of trees are more or less related to the concentrations of two main groups of leaf photosynthetic pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Therefore, their contents can be used as non-specific indicators of the actual tree physiological status, stress and the pre-visible tree damage. Variations in leaf biochemical composition affect foliar optical properties and can be assessed remotely using high spectral resolution data (hyperspectral data). These data were successfully used in earlier studies to detect vegetation stress and damage. However, only a few approaches have dealt with the use of hyperspectral remote sensing to assess vegetation physiological status on a regional scale. Moreover, little or no research has been done on assessing vegetation health while utilizing multi-date hyperspectral images.In this study, the method for assessing forest health conditions using optical indices retrieved from hyperspectral data was applied to the two temporal HyMap date sets acquired in 07/2009 and 08/2010 to detect stress for the Norway spruce forests in Sokolov, NW Bohemia, a region affected by long-term extensive mining. The classification results were validated by ground truth data (total chlorophyll – Cab, carotenoids – Car and carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio – Car/Cab) and were associated with the geochemical conditions of the forest stands. Both biochemical analysis of the sampled foliage and classification of 2009 and 2010 hyperspectral image identified the same sites affected by vegetation stress. In addition to higher Car/Cab, which enabled detection of the stressed trees using hyperspectral image data, these sites showed critically low pH and lower values for the macronutrient parameters in both organic horizons and, in addition, both sites exhibit critically low base cation to aluminum ratios (Bc/Al) for lower organic and top mineral (0–20 cm) soil horizons.The results of this study demonstrate (i) the potential application of hyperspectral remote sensing as a rapid method of identifying tree stress prior to symptom expression, and (ii) the added value of multi-temporal approaches for hyperspectral data and its further potential for monitoring forest ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Foliar biochemistry Forest monitoring Image spectroscopy Chlorophyll Carotenoids Tree stress |
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