Standards for the effective management of fisheries bycatch |
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| Institution: | 1. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Australia;2. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia;1. Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), Brookfield House, 38 St Paul Street, Wiltshire SN15 1LJ, United Kingdom;2. Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), 62-63 Upper Street, London N1 0NY, United Kingdom;3. Sea Watch Foundation, Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey LL68 9SD, United Kingdom;1. Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA;2. RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;3. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, USA;4. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;1. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada;2. Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Fundación Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamíferos Marinos (FEMM), Ecuador;3. Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Mammal Science Center, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver BC V6B 3X8, Canada;4. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Division of General Studies 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan City, Korea;5. Development and Knowledge Sociology Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology –ZMT, Bremen, Germany;6. Too Big to Ignore (TBTI), Global Partnership for Small-scale Fisheries Research, St. John''s, Canada;7. Pacific Whale Foundation, Malecón Julio Izurieta y Abdón Calderón, Puerto López, Ecuador;8. Departamento de Biología (Ciencias del Mar), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Juan de Quesada, # 30, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain;9. University San Francisco de Quito, Galapagos Science Center, Círculo de Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador;10. Conservación Internacional, Ecuador, Catalina Aldáz N34-181 y Portugal. Edif. Titanium II. Ofc. 402, Quito, Ecuador |
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| Abstract: | Mitigating the environmental impact of commercial fishing, by avoiding, minimizing and compensating for adverse effects, is core business for fisheries management authorities globally. The complex interplay of ecological, economic, and social considerations has often resulted in bycatch management being reactive, confrontational and costly. In many cases it has been difficult to demonstrate success and to establish whether bycatch management has been efficient or effective. This article proposes standards for bycatch management following reviews of literature, international agreements and Australian domestic fishery management policies, and consideration by many technical experts and several stakeholder representatives. The standards have been developed using Australian Commonwealth fisheries – and the international fisheries agreements to which Australia is party – as a baseline, but should be applicable to both domestic and regional/international governance systems. The proposed standards involve quantifying fisheries bycatch, agreeing on operational objectives, assessing the effects of fishing on bycatch populations, establishing the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures, and evaluating performance. The standards encourage domestic management measures that are consistent with the guidance and requirements of international agreements and regional fisheries management organisations. The importance of engaging stakeholders throughout the process is recognised. The standards provide a framework for measuring performance and a checklist of actions for managing bycatch at a fishery level. They have the potential to facilitate the development of more strategic and effective approaches to bycatch management, with defined goals, monitoring systems, and adaptive decision-making. This review of past bycatch management, including the application of the proposed standards to the mitigation of shark bycatch in an Australian longline fishery, demonstrates that the proposed standards are operationally feasible but that they have not always been applied. Specifically, monitoring the performance of bycatch management measures has not always followed their implementation. |
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| Keywords: | Fisheries Non-target species Marine wildlife Bycatch Mitigation Standards |
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