| 北京市杨镇一中人工湿地设计及污水处理效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 李静,姜冰冰,王飞宇,谭月臣,洪剑明.北京市杨镇一中人工湿地设计及污水处理效果[J].湿地科学,2012,10(1):102-108. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李静 姜冰冰 王飞宇 谭月臣 洪剑明 |
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| 作者单位： | 首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京,100048 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市重大科技项目“新农村污水综合治理示范工程”(D07040600770000)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对北京市农村地区居民居住相对分散、生活污水集中处理难度大的状况,在北京市杨镇一中,建立了经济且简便易行的用于处理污水的人工湿地。该人工湿地由地埋式一体化预处理、多级复合式人工湿地系统、景观湿地系统三部分组成。通过单元实验,对人工湿地的填料结构、植物选择、布水设计、水位调节、湿地防堵系统设计、预处理系统设计进行了创新,研究了1d、2d和3d水力停留时间对污水中有机物处理效应的影响,并开展了人工湿地基质堵塞实验、冬季保温措施研究以及人工湿地脱氮除磷效果研究。结果表明,比较而言,1d和3d的水力停留时间不利于有机物的去除,2d的水力停留时间有利于有机物的去除;人工湿地0～10m的水平距离内,0～5cm、30～35cm、60～65cm深度的基质的堵塞差异显著(n=10,p<0.05),从水平上看,在0m、2m、4m处基质的堵塞最为明显,因此,在更换人工湿地基质时,只需更换0～4m内的基质;棚膜+蒲席覆盖系统去除污水中总氮的效果要优于结冰盖系统,更适宜于北方使用;预处理系统、人工湿地系统、景观湿地系统三部分共同处理污水,优势互补,能使处理后的出水符合北京市水污染排放标准一级B限值。
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| 关 键 词： | 农村生活污水 地埋式预处理系统 人工湿地 景观湿地 污水处理效应 |
Design and Treatment Effect of Constructed Wetland Wastewater Disposal Project in Yangzhen No.1 Middle School of Beijing |
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| LI Jing
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JIANG Bing-Bing
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WANG Fei-Yu
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TAN Yue-Chen
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HONG Jian-Ming.Design and Treatment Effect of Constructed Wetland Wastewater Disposal Project in Yangzhen No.1 Middle School of Beijing[J].Wetland Science,2012,10(1):102-108. |
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| Authors: | LI Jing JIANG Bing-Bing WANG Fei-Yu TAN Yue-Chen HONG Jian-Ming |
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| Institution: | (Department of Life Science,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,P.R.China) |
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| Abstract: | With the economic development of rural areas of China,rural water pollution becomes increasingly serious so that finding the suitable waste water treatment technology is imperative.Constructed wetland,as a kind of waste water treatment technologies with high efficiency and low cost,is widely used to treat different types of waste water.Because of the fact that Beijing residents in rural areas are relatively scattered and centralizing waste water is difficult,economical and easily constructed wetland project was carried out in Yang zhen No.1 Middle School of Beijing.The aim of this research is to make foundation for the application of constructed wetland in northern area of China.The project is consisted of buried integrative pretreatment system, multi-level complex constructed wetland system and wetland landscape system.Its effective area is 400 m 2 .It can be divided into two east-west parallel connected systems with the 1︰1 ratio of the length to the width. Each system is composed of many various subsurface flow wetlands in different orders,such as the vertical downward flow wetland and vertical upward flow wetland,and horizontal flow wetland.The paper presents detailed analysis of the constructed wetland location,mechanism design,water sample collection,test analysis,feature and the essentials.Through unit test,some innovations are made in packing structure,plant selection,water distribution design,water level regulation,designing system of preventing wetland from blocking and the design of pretreatment system.The effect of hydraulic retention time(1 day,2 days and 3 days)on waste removal is analyzed.The constructed wetlands substrate clogging experiment,winter insulation measurement research,and studies on the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wetlands are carried out. The processing effect of the constructed wetland and the hydraulic retention time is closely related.Two days of the hydraulic retention time is suitable to the removal of chemical oxygen demand.In constructed wetland, 0-10 m horizontal distance,0-5 cm,30-35 cm,and 60-65 cm depth matrix blockage dates are significantly different(n=9,p<0.05).The most obvious matrix blockage occurs at 0 m,2 m and 4 m.So if matrix needs changing,the only thing to do is to change 0-4 m to save spending and reduce disturbance to the normal opera- tion of the constructed wetland.In winter,film cover system and ice cover system can both increase the removal rate of total nitrogen.Generally speaking,film cover system is better and more suitable for the northern area,because there are many merits of the film cover system.It can run uninterruptedly and easily.Plants do not plant again.What is more,it costs little.Buried integrative pretreatment system,multi-level complex constructed wetland system and wetland landscape system can treat waste water jointly so that the effluent can meet Beijing waste water discharge first-level B(total nitrogen content is 20 mg/L,total phosphorus content is 0.5 mg/L).The three characteristics of the waste water disposal project are as follows.First of all,winter pipe system and winter insulation measurements,such as film cover system and ice cover system,are used to make sure the constructed wetland system can run normally in winter.Secondly,many aeration measurements have been taken in the constructed wetland system and the constructed wetlands substrate clogging experiment is carried out to prevent the constructed wetland substrate from jamming.Thirdly,wetland landscape system is built to treat waste water further and increase the environment biodiversity.The design of the waste water disposal project is rational and the parameter is feasible,so it can be used as a pattern in northern area of China. |
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| Keywords: | rural domestic sewage buried integration pretreatment system constructed wetlands landscape wetland treatment effect on waste water |
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