Orchestrating transnational environmental governance in maritime shipping |
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| Institution: | 1. Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, 6476 NW, Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada;2. Department of Innovation and Economic Organization, Copenhagen Business School, Kilevej 14, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;3. Department of Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School, Steen Blichersvej 22, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;1. Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Kilevej 14a, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;2. Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden;1. Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 42, Unioninkatu 33, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;2. Faculty of Business, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Maritime shipping is the transmission belt of the global economy. It is also a major contributor to global environmental change through its under-regulated air, water and land impacts. It is puzzling that shipping is a lagging sector as it has a well-established global regulatory body—the International Maritime Organization. Drawing on original empirical evidence and archival data, we introduce a four-factor framework to investigate two main questions: why is shipping lagging in its environmental governance; and what is the potential for the International Maritime Organization to orchestrate emerging private ‘green shipping’ initiatives to achieve better ecological outcomes? Contributing to transnational governance theory, we find that conditions stalling regulatory progress include low environmental issue visibility, poor interest alignment, a broadening scope of environmental issues, and growing regulatory fragmentation and uncertainty. The paper concludes with pragmatic recommendations for the International Maritime Organization to acknowledge the regulatory difficulties and seize the opportunity to orchestrate environmental progress. |
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| Keywords: | Transnational environmental governance Green shipping Regulation Private standards Multi-stakeholder initiatives Hybrid governance regimes Orchestration |
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