The role of diversification in dynamic small-scale fisheries: Lessons from Baja California Sur,Mexico |
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| Institution: | 1. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, United States;2. Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940, United States;1. Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA;2. Fundación Talking Oceans, Carrera 16, 127-81, Bogota 110121, Colombia;3. University of York, Environment Department, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;4. BIOREDD+ Program, USAID Colombia, Av. 4N No. 6N-67, Cali, Colombia;5. Fundación Ecomares, Calle 39N 3CN 89, Cali, Colombia;6. Rare, 1310 N. Courthouse Road, Suite 110, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA;1. Alaska Pacific University, Department of Environmental Science, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States;2. University of Alaska-Anchorage, Institute of Social and Economic Research 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States;1. Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;2. Secure Fisheries, One Earth Future, Broomfield, CO 80021, USA;3. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA |
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| Abstract: | Globally, small-scale fisheries are critical for livelihoods and food security yet face increasing uncertainty and variability from processes such as overfishing, globalization, and climate change. Enhancing the number of options for human response through increased access to marine resources, diverse livelihood approaches, and generalist fishing strategies may attenuate the negative effects of change and disturbance. My research explores the relative importance of diversification strategies for achieving resilient small-scale fishing communities and cooperatives of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Specifically, interview data and long-term catch and economic data were used to develop an economic metric of resilience, in addition to income diversification indices, for fishing cooperatives. Fishing cooperative characteristics and environmental conditions were then evaluated as possible predictors of cooperatives’ relative ability to diversify. I found that while diversification was important for risk mitigation and stabilizing income, the ability of cooperatives to specialize during favorable conditions may be important for poverty reduction and wealth accumulation. Thus, the flexibility to move across fishing strategies given changing environmental conditions is important for the adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing cooperatives. My findings will contribute to a better understanding of the institutional arrangements that promote a resilient small-scale fishery, and therefore, will be invaluable for practitioners of small-scale fisheries. |
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| Keywords: | Resilience Social–ecological systems Small-scale fisheries Response diversity Diversification Access |
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