Applying historical ecology to natural resource management institutions: Lessons from two case studies of landscape fire management |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;2. Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;4. United States National Park Service, Christiansted, VI, USA;5. Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;6. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK;7. Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;8. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor Barat 16115, Indonesia;9. Triple-S Project Ghana, Community Water and Sanitation Agency (Head Office), Accra, Ghana;1. CIRAD, Regional office of Central Africa, BP 2572 Yaounde, Cameroon;2. CIFOR, Central Africa hub, Yaounde, Cameroon;3. GIZ, Yaounde, Cameroon;4. University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon;5. University of Clermont I, Clermont-Ferrand, France;6. University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of Congo;1. Dept. of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;2. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia;3. Dept. of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;4. Forestry Study Program, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia;1. Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat 16115, Indonesia;2. Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada;2. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Sainte-Foy, G1V 4C7, QC, Québec, Canada;1. Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Jülich Research Centre, 52425 Jülich, Germany;2. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;3. School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;4. Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia;1. Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States;2. Earth Institute Center on Environmental Sustainability, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States;3. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor Barat 16115, Indonesia;4. International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States |
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| Abstract: | Understanding the linkages between social and ecological systems is key to developing sustainable natural resource management (NRM) institutions. Frequently, however, insufficient attention is paid to the historical development of NRM institutions. Instead, discussion largely focuses on models of economic efficiency at the expense of the cultural, historical, and ecological contexts within which institutions develop. Here we use the research program of historical ecology to explore the development, maintenance, and change of two contemporary fire management institutions in northern Australia and Colorado, USA, to demonstrate how social institutions and ecological systems change and resist change over time and how institutions interact across scales to negotiate contrasting goals and motivations. We argue that these NRM institutions are not strictly speaking evolutionary or adaptive, and that historical context is critical when evaluating how and why particular institutions and institutional relationships develop. As with ecosystems, the present characteristics of the NRM institutions are dependent on what has happened before and their efficacy can only be evaluated retrospectively. Therefore, an understanding of history is essential to questions of the desirability and feasibility of institutional change where such shifts are required from an ecological, social, or economic perspective. We further propose that institutional conflict arises from the differing goals and motives of resource management institutions at different scales. Our cases reveal that larger-scale institutions can be successful at achieving narrowly defined goals but often fall short of achieving socially desirable sustainable outcomes. Our findings support the use of narratives of community history, place, and being in considering the resilience and sustainability of social-ecological systems. We offer that historical ecology is complementary with institutional and economic approaches to the analysis of NRM institutions, and possesses a particular strength in linking ecology to the values and norms of small social groups. |
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| Keywords: | Adaptive management Fire ecology Institutional studies Resilience Social-ecological systems Sustainability |
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