| 基于地面激光扫描的喀斯特洞穴制图研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 周文龙,高占冬,李辉,李坡,贺卫,熊康宁.基于地面激光扫描的喀斯特洞穴制图研究[J].中国岩溶,2022,41(1):153-164. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周文龙 高占冬 李辉 李坡 贺卫 熊康宁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州省山地资源研究所，贵州 贵阳550001 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技计划项目黔科合支撑[2017]2871号国家“十三五”重点研发计划子课题2016YFC0502606-011贵州省教育厅工程研究中心项目黔教合KY字[2017]025 |
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| 摘 要： | 近年来，地面激光扫描在喀斯特洞穴领域的应用与研究日益广泛，其高精度测量与多样化的成果表达方式相较于传统手段优势明显。它不仅可以全方位记录洞穴要素并进行虚拟化展示，还可以构建洞道和沉积景观模型，最为关键的是毫米级的误差精度对于喀斯特洞穴空间形态计量研究有着革命性的突破，那么该如何通过海量点云精确绘制洞穴图并对洞穴要素进行制图表达成为首要解决的问题。本文以贵州潜龙洞为例，通过对三维激光点云进行处理，辅以第三方软件绘制潜龙洞平面图、剖面图和横断面图，并对洞穴要素图像化自动提取与制图表达进行探讨，对于提高洞穴制图精度、规范洞穴制图标准、科学构建洞穴地理空间数据库以及指导洞穴合理规划与开发等方面将有着重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 洞穴测绘 地面激光扫描 平面制图 潜龙洞 喀斯特洞穴 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-28 |
Research on karst cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning |
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| Abstract: | The precision of cave surveying and mapping has always been the focus of the industry. In recent years， the study and application of terrestrial laser scanning in the field of karst caves has been increasingly widespread. Compared with traditional methods， its millimeter-level error accuracy and diversified results expression have obvious advantages， which will have a revolutionary breakthrough in improving cave mapping accuracy， strengthening the measurement of cave spatial morpholog， constructing cave geospatial database， and guiding rational planning and development of cave . Although the information of cave 3D results is rich and diverse， accurate cave maps have always been the basis for understanding the development and evolution of caves， and they still play an irreplaceable role. Then， how to accurately draw cave maps and express cave elements through massive point clouds has become the primary problem to be solved. Therefore， this paper takes Qianlong cave in Guizhou province as an example， through the processing of the 3D laser point cloud， supplemented by third-party software to draw the plan view， profile view and cross-section view of Qianlong cave， and discusses the automatic extraction form slice image and cartographic expression of cave elements， forming the following understandings， （1） Terrestrial laser scanning observes the entire cave structure from the perspective of God， the extraction of the overall tunnel boundary will be more accurate， and the feature information of any location can be obtained. In terms of cave pattern construction and element expression， it not only the inherits the traditional ways， but also makes new breakthroughs. （2） The software and hardware requirements of karst cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning are more complicated than traditional methods. In addition to the expensive equipment for point cloud data collection， interactive mapping with multiple software platforms puts forward higher technical requirements for post-processing data. It is urgent to standardize a set of software platforms and standards for 3D cave mapping based on terrestrial laser scanning and unified delivery of results. （3） Not all karst caves require 3D laser scanning measurements，and karst cave measurement should be selected on the basis of actual needs.For general or initial exploration caves， considering the cost factors and taking into account the accuracy requirements， it is recommended to use method of paperless cave measurement. For Tourist caves or caves with high resource landscape value，it is recommended to use 3D laser scanning. There is a general trend that the equipment will be miniaturized and more suitable for cave surveying and mapping in the future. （4） The combined application of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV aerial photogrammetry technology in the field of karst cave surveying and mapping is the focus of the next breakthrough in cave surveying work. It can effectively realize the fusion of surface and underground 3D spatial information， which will greatly expand and enrich speleological research and its application value. |
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