| Subtropical air-sea interaction and development of central Pacific El Niño |
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| 作者姓名： | XIE Ruihuang HUANG Fei REN Hongli |
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| 作者单位： | Department of Marine Meteorology,Physical Oceanography Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate in Universities of Shandong,Ocean University of China;Department of Meteorology,School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology,University of Hawaii;Laboratory for Climate Studies,National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration |
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| 基金项目： | Part of this work was completed while the authors were visiting the University of Hawaii at Manoa. We would like to thank Prof. Fei-fei Jin for his suggestions on this study. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers and editors for their suggestions and comments to improve this paper. Dr. Ruihuang Xie and Prof. Fei Huang were jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program： 2012CB955604）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 40975038 and 40830106）, and the CMA Program （GYHY200906008）. Dr. Ruihuang Xie acknowledges the financial support provided by the China Scholarship Council. Dr. Hongli Ren is jointly supported by the 973 Program of China （2010CB950404）, DOE grant DE-SC0005110, National Science Foundation （NSF） grants ATM 1034798, NOAA grand NA 10OAR4310200. |
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| 摘 要： | The standard deviation of the central Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) during the period from October to February shows that the central Pacific SSTA variation is primarily due to the occurrence of the Central Pacific El Nio (CP-El Nio) and has a connection with the subtropical air-sea interaction in the northeastern Pacific. After removing the influence of the Eastern Pacific El Nio, an S-EOF analysis is conducted and the leading mode shows a clear seasonal SSTA evolving from the subtropical northeastern Pacific to the tropical central Pacific with a quasi-biennial period. The initial subtropical SSTA is generated by the wind speed decrease and surface heat flux increase due to a north Pacific anomalous cyclone. Such subtropical SSTA can further influence the establishment of the SSTA in the tropical central Pacific via the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. After established, the central equatorial Pacific SSTA can be strengthened by the zonal advective feedback and thermocline feedback, and develop into CP-El Nio. However, as the thermocline feedback increases the SSTA cooling after the mature phase, the heat flux loss and the re-versed zonal advective feedback can cause the phase transition of CP-El Nio. Along with the wind stress variability, the recharge (discharge) process occurs in the central (eastern) equatorial Pacific and such a process causes the phase consistency between the thermocline depth and SST anomalies, which presents a contrast to the original recharge/discharge theory.
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| 关 键 词： | CP-El Nio subtropical forcing recharge/discharge process phase consistency thermocline depth |
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