Metalliferous sediments from DSDP Leg 92: The East Pacific Rise transect |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CPMTC-Instituto de Geociências, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. AngloGold Ashanti Córrego do Sítio Mineração S/A, Lamego Mine, Rua Mestre Caetano, Sabará, MG, Brazil;3. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;1. Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;2. School of Urban and Environment, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China;3. Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia;4. Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;1. International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX 77845, USA;2. GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;3. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil;4. Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;5. Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan;6. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;7. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA |
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| Abstract: | The carbonate-free metalliferous fraction of thirty-nine sediment samples from four DSDP Leg 92 sites has been analyzed for 12 elements, and a subset of 16 samples analyzed for Pb isotopic composition. The main geochemical features of this component are as follows: i) very high concentrations of Fe and Mn, typically 25–39% and 5–14%, respectively; ii) Al and Ca contents generally less than 2% and 5%, respectively; iii) high Cu (1000–2000 ppm), and Zn and Ni (500–1000 ppm) values; and iv) Co and Pb concentrations of 100–250 ppm. In terms of element partitioning within the metalliferous fraction, amorphous to poorly crystallized oxide-oxyhydroxides removed by the second leach carry virtually all of the Mn, and about 90% of the Ca, Sr and Ni. The well-crystallized goethite-rich material removed by the third leach carries the majority of Fe, Cu, and Pb. These relations hold for sediments as young as ~ 1–2 Ma, indicating early partitioning of hydrothermal Fe and Mn into separate phases.Calculated mass accumulation rates (MAR) for Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in the bulk sediment show the same overall trends at three of the sites, with greatest MAR values near the basement, and a general decrease in MAR values towards the tops of the holes (for sediments deposited above the lysocline). These relations strongly support the concept of a declining hydrothermal contribution of these elements away from a ridge axis. Nevertheless, MAR values for these metals up to ~200 km from the ridge axis are orders of magnitude higher than on abyssal seafloor plains where there is no hydrothermal influence. Mn/Fe ratios throughout the sediment column at two sites indicate that the composition of the hydrothermal precipitates changed during transport through seawater, becoming significantly depleted in Mn beyond 2̃00–300 km from the axis, but maintaining roughly the same proportion of Fe.Most of the Pb isotope data for the Leg 92 metalliferous sediments form approximately linear arrays in the conventional isotopic plots, extending from the middle of the field for mid-ocean ridge basalts toward the field for Mn nodules. The array of data lying between these two end-members is most readily interpreted in terms of simple linear mixing of Pb derived from basaltic and seawater end-member sources. The least radiogenic sediments reflect the average Pb isotope composition of discharging hydrothermal solutions and ocean-ridge basalt at the EPR over the ≈4–8 Ma B.P. interval. Pb in sediments deposited up to 250 km from the axis can be almost entirely of basaltic-hydrothermal origin. Lateral transport of some basaltic Pb by ocean currents appears to extend to distances of at least 1000 km west of the East Pacific Rise. |
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