Assessment of coastal management options by means of multilayered ecosystem models |
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| Authors: | Ana M Nobre João G Ferreira João P Nunes Xiaojun Yan Suzanne Bricker Richard Corner Steve Groom Haifeng Gu Anthony JS Hawkins Rory Hutson Dongzhao Lan João D Lencart e Silva Philip Pascoe Trevor Telfer Xuelei Zhang Mingyuan Zhu |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Centre for Ocean and Environment, New University of Lisbon, DCEA, FCT, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;2. CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;3. Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China;4. NOAA-National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;5. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom;6. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, United Kingdom;g Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, PR China;h CESAM & Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;i First Institute of Oceanography, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, PR China |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a multilayered ecosystem modelling approach that combines the simulation of the biogeochemistry of a coastal ecosystem with the simulation of the main forcing functions, such as catchment loading and aquaculture activities. This approach was developed as a tool for sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. A key feature is to simulate management scenarios that account for changes in multiple uses and enable assessment of cumulative impacts of coastal activities. The model was applied to a coastal zone in China with large aquaculture production and multiple catchment uses, and where management efforts to improve water quality are under way. Development scenarios designed in conjunction with local managers and aquaculture producers include the reduction of fish cages and treatment of wastewater. Despite the reduction in nutrient loading simulated in three different scenarios, inorganic nutrient concentrations in the bay were predicted to exceed the thresholds for poor quality defined by Chinese seawater quality legislation. For all scenarios there is still a Moderate High to High nutrient loading from the catchment, so further reductions might be enacted, together with additional decreases in fish cage culture. The model predicts that overall, shellfish production decreases by 10%–28% using any of these development scenarios, principally because shellfish growth is being sustained by the substances to be reduced for improvement of water quality. The model outcomes indicate that this may be counteracted by zoning of shellfish aquaculture at the ecosystem level in order to optimize trade-offs between productivity and environmental effects. The present case study exemplifies the value of multilayered ecosystem modelling as a tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management and for the adoption of ecosystem approaches for marine resource management. This modelling approach can be applied worldwide, and may be particularly useful for the application of coastal management regulation, for instance in the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. |
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| Keywords: | integrated coastal zone management multilayered ecosystem model catchment-coastal model sustainable aquaculture carrying capacity SE Asia China Zhejiang Xiangshan Gang |
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