| 生物土壤结皮对荒漠区土壤微生物数量和活性的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 杨航宇,刘艳梅,王廷璞,回嵘.生物土壤结皮对荒漠区土壤微生物数量和活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):950-960. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 杨航宇 刘艳梅 王廷璞 回嵘 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学 草业学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;2. 甘肃林业职业技术学院, 甘肃 天水 741020;3. 天水师范学院 生物工程与技术学院 甘肃省高校农业微生物重点实验室, 甘肃 天水 741001;4. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 甘肃 兰州 730000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41761057），甘肃省自然科学基金项目（1610RJZE133） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 生物土壤结皮对荒漠生态系统的维持与改良发挥着重要作用。土壤微生物可敏感地指示土壤质量，是衡量荒漠区生态健康程度的重要生物学特征，而对荒漠区生物土壤结皮与土壤微生物关系知之甚少。本研究设计了两组对比试验。一组以腾格里沙漠东南缘的1956、1964、1981、1991年的植被固沙区结皮下的沙丘土壤为对象，以流沙区和天然植被区为对照。另一组以植被固沙区人为干扰生物土壤结皮下的沙丘土壤为研究对象，以未干扰结皮下的沙丘土壤为对照。结果表明：腾格里沙漠东南缘植被固沙区的藻-地衣和藓类结皮均可显著提高土壤可培养微生物的数量和基础呼吸（P<0.05）；适度人为干扰生物土壤结皮不会显著影响土壤可培养微生物的数量和基础呼吸，而严重人为干扰结皮可显著降低土壤可培养微生物的数量和基础呼吸，指示严重人为干扰结皮可导致荒漠区土壤质量下降；土壤可培养微生物的数量和基础呼吸也因结皮演替阶段的不同而有所不同，演替晚期的藓类结皮下土壤微生物数量和基础呼吸显著高于演替早期的藻-地衣结皮（P<0.05）；土壤可培养微生物的数量和土壤基础呼吸与固沙年限均存在显著的正相关关系，随着沙丘固沙年限的增加，结皮层增厚，结皮下土壤微生物数量及基础呼吸显著增加（P<0.05）；生物土壤结皮下土壤可培养微生物数量和基础呼吸呈现显著的季节变化，表现为夏季>秋季和春季>冬季。因此，腾格里沙漠东南缘植被固沙区的生物土壤结皮提高了土壤微生物数量和活性，表明生物土壤结皮有利于荒漠区土壤及荒漠生态系统的恢复。
|
| 关 键 词： | 生物土壤结皮 土壤微生物 人为干扰 结皮演替阶段 固沙年限 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-03-25 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016-05-26 |
Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on the Amount and Activities of Soil Microbes in Desert Areas |
| |
| Yang Hangyu,Liu Yanmei,Wang Tingpu,Hui Rong.Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on the Amount and Activities of Soil Microbes in Desert Areas[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(5):950-960. |
| |
| Authors: | Yang Hangyu Liu Yanmei Wang Tingpu Hui Rong |
| |
| Abstract: | As an important component, biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in maintaining and improving in desert ecosystems. Soil microbes could be used as significant biological indices to reflect soil quality and important biological properties in measuring sandy ecological restoration. However, so far little was known on the relationship of BSCs with soil microbes in desert areas. To completely understand how BSCs affect soil microbes, the study was designed two groups of test. Sand soil under BSCs was served as the object in revegetated areas at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert as one group test. The revegetated areas were divided into four areas by sand-fixing time stabilized in 1956, 1964, 1981 and 1991, respectively. Soil of mobile sand dunes and natural vegetation areas were served as the contrast. Soil under BSCs caused by human disturbance was acted as the research object and soil underneath non-disturbed crust was the reference as another group test. Our results showed that cyanobacteria-lichen and moss crusts could significantly increase the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration(P<0.05). Moderate disturbance to BSCs has no obvious effect on the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration. However,serious disturbance to BSCs could obviously decrease the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration, indicating the decline of soil quality in desert regions. The succession stages of crust significantly affected the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration which late-stage moss crusts had significantly higher the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration than early-stage cyanobacteria-lichen crusts(P<0.05). The sand-fixing age was linear correlated with the amount of culturable microbes and soil basal respiration. Along with the increasement of the sand-fixing age, crust thickness increased and the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration under crusts also significantly increased. There were seasonal changes of the amount of soil culturable microbes and soil basal respiration under crusts, follow orders:summer > autumn and spring > winter. Therefore, BSCs increased the amount and activities of soil microbes. The results indicate that BSCs could improve soil quality and the recovery of desert ecosystems in desert areas. |
| |
| Keywords: | biological soil crusts soil microbes human disturbance succession stages of crust sand-fixing age |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国沙漠》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国沙漠》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
