Geoinformatics as a tool for the assessment of the impact of ground water quality for irrigation on soil health |
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| Authors: | V K Verma R K Setia P K Sharma Harpinder Singh |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Secondary salinisation is the most harmful and extended phenomenon of the unfavourable effects of irrigation on the soil and
environment. An attempt was made to study the impact of poor quality ground water on soils in terms of secondary salinisation
and availability of soil nutrients in Faridkot district of Punjab of northern India. Based on physiographic analysis of IRS
1C LISS-III data and semi-detailed soil survey, the soil map was finalized on a 1:50,000 scale and digitized using Arc Info
GIS. Georeferenced surface soil samples (0–0.15 m) from 231 sites were collected and analyzed for available phosphorus (P)
and potassium (K). Interpolation by kriging produced digital spatial maps of available P and K. Ground water quality map was
generated in GIS domain on the basis of EC (electrical conductivity) and RSC (residual sodium carbonate) of ground water samples
collected from 374 georeferenced tube wells. Integration of soil and ground water quality maps enabled generating a map showing
degree (high, moderate and low) and type (salinity, sodicity and both) of vulnerability to secondary salinization. Fine-textured
soils have been found to be highly sensitive to secondary salinisation, whereas medium-textured soils as moderately sensitive
to secondary salinisation. The resultant map was integrated with available P and K maps to show the combined influence of
soil texture and ground water quality on available soil nutrients. The results show that available P and K in the soils of
different physiographic units were found in the order of Ap1 < Ap2 < Ap3. The soils of all physiographic units had sizeable
area having high content of P (>22.5 kg / ha) and medium available K (135–335 kg ha−1) in most of the test sites when irrigated with saline, sodic or poor quality water. |
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