Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies |
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| Authors: | T V Tursina |
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| Institution: | (1) V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017, Russia |
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| Abstract: | A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is
particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation
and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages: (a) the study of the lithological homogeneity/heterogeneity
of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, (b) the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological
analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and (c) the subdivision of soil features
into the groups of recent and inherited (relict) features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited
from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished.
Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to
the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such
changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil
horizons (the synlithogenic pedogenesis). The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further
distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil microfabrics, microforms of
soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic
soils. |
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| Keywords: | Methodology micromorphological soil polygenesis |
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