Surface and groundwater pollution by organochlorine compounds in a typical soybean system from the south Pampa,Argentina |
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| Authors: | Mariana Gonzalez Karina S B Miglioranza Valeria M Shimabukuro Orlando M Quiroz Londoño Daniel E Martinez Julia E Aizpún Víctor J Moreno |
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| Institution: | 1.Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC),Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET),Mar del Plata,Argentina;2.Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP),Mar del Plata,Argentina;3.Instituto de Geología de Costas y Cuaternario (IGCyC),Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP),Mar del Plata,Argentina;4.FONCyT,Mar del Plata,Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) use has been restricted or forbidden in Argentina since 1998 and technical endosulfan is
the last currently used OCPs on the soybean-wheat production. As they persist in soil for several years after application,
OCPs constitute a source of environmental pollution. This work aims to assess OCPs contamination of groundwater (Gw) and streamwater
(Sw) in the Quequén Grande River watershed from south Argentinean Pampas in relation to the hydrogeological characteristics.
OCPs were analyzed in Sw, Gw, surface bottom sediments, soils and borehole cutting sediments (Cs) by gas chromatograph-electron
capture detector. Pesticide distribution in Cs was dependent on the characteristic of the non-saturated zone. Leached pesticides
over 3 m in Cs showed the pattern: HCHs = endosulfan > chlordanes > DDTs, and from 3 to 6 m heptachlor was the main group
as a consequence of the past use of this compound in the area, mainly on potato crops. Endosulfan reaches Gw during application
season as well as during flooding events while a retard effect was observed for Sw. Levels of α- and β-isomers were in certain
cases above national (7 ng L−1) and international (3 ng L−1) limits for aquatic biota protection. As the endosulfan sulfate metabolite was present in Gw and Sw and due to its high toxicity,
it should be considered in the establishment of water quality criteria for human and environmental protection. |
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