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Some mineralogical applications of synchrotron radiation |
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| Authors: | G Calas W A Bassett J Petiau M Steinberg D Tchoubar A Zarka |
| Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Minéralogie-Cristallographie, Universités de Paris 6 et 7, LA CNRS 09, 75230, Paris CéDEX 05, France 2. L.U.R.E., CNRS, Orsay, France 3. Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA 4. Laboratoire de Géochimie des roches sédimentaires, ERA CNRS 765, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay CéDEX, France 5. Laboratoire de Cristallographie, ERA CNRS 841, Université d'Orléans, 45046, Orleans CéDEX, France |
| Abstract: | Synchrotron radiation offers several advantages over the conventional X-ray sources, among which the most important are its high intensity, broad spectral range and natural collimation. Among the numerous techniques which have been recently developed we present a review of the results concerning more specifically mineralogical systems: X-ray absorption spectroscopy concerning high-resolution edge spectra and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray diffraction under high P-high T conditions, small-angle scattering, X-ray microanalysis and X-ray topography. For each technique the basic principles are described together with the experimental devices used, before mineralogical examples are given. Two main applications may be pointed out: chemical and structural characterization of disordered systems and kinetic studies (phase transitions and evolution). Many other techniques (photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis ...) which are actually under development as a result of the rapid increase of the use of storage rings are not covered in the present review but will possibly also be used in the near future in Earth Sciences. |
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