The unique Katugin rare-metal deposit (southern Siberia): Constraints on age and genesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, CZ-165 02 Prague, 6, Czech Republic;2. Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Geotechnics, Veve?í 95, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;4. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, D-144 73, Potsdam, Germany;1. Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;2. Departament de Mineralogia, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;3. Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;4. Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;5. Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;6. Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;1. Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicz avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;2. Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute, 4 Rakowiecka street, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland;3. M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 34 Acad. Palladina avenue, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine;4. Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Pho Vien street, Bac Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Viet Nam;1. Institute of the Earth''s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia;2. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Pyzhevskii per., Moscow 119017, Russia;3. Far East Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok 690091, Russia;4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;5. Centre of Isotopic Research, A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), 74 Sredny prosp., St. Petersburg 199106, Russia;6. Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;7. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;8. Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | We report new geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geochronological data about the Katugin Ta-Nb-Y-Zr (REE) deposit, which is located in the Kalar Ridge of Eastern Siberia (the southern part of the Siberian Craton). All these data support a magmatic origin of the Katugin rare-metal deposit rather than the previously proposed metasomatic fault-related origin. Our research has proved the genetic relation between ores of the Katugin deposit and granites of the Katugin complex. We have studied granites of the eastern segment of the Eastern Katugin massif, including arfvedsonite, aegirine-arfvedsonite and aegirine granites. These granites belong to the peralkaline type. They are characterized by high alkali content (up to 11.8 wt% Na2O + K2O), extremely high iron content (FeO1/(FeO1 + MgO) = 0.96–1.00), very high content of most incompatible elements – Rb, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Th, U, REEs (except for Eu) and F, and low concentrations of CaO, MgO, P2O5, Ba, and Sr. They demonstrate negative and CHUR-close εNd(t) values of 0.0…?1.9. We suggest that basaltic magmas of OIB type (possibly with some the crustal contamination) represent a dominant part of the granitic source. Moreover, the fluorine-enriched fluid phases could provide an additional source of the fluorine. We conclude that most of the mineralization of the Katugin ore deposit occurred during the magmatic stage of the alkaline granitic source melt. The results of detailed mineralogical studies suggest three major types of ores in the Katugin deposit: Zr mineralization, Ta-Nb-REE mineralization and aluminum fluoride mineralization. Most of the ore minerals crystallized from the silicate melt during the magmatic stage. The accessory cryolites in granites crystallized from the magmatic silicate melt enriched in fluorine. However, cryolites in large veins and lens-like bodies crystallized in the latest stage from the fluorine enriched melt. The zircons from the ores in the aegirine-arfvedsonite granite have been dated at 2055 ± 7 Ma. This age is close to the previously published 2066 ± 6 Ma zircon age of the aegirine-arfvedsonite granites, suggesting that the formation of the Katugin rare-metal deposit is genetically related to the formation of peralkaline granites. We conclude that Katugin rare-metal granites are anorogenic. They can be related to a Paleoproterozoic (～2.05 Ga) mantle plume. As there is no evidence of the 2.05 Ga mantle plume in other areas of southern Siberia, we suggest that the Katugin mineralization occurred on the distant allochtonous terrane, which has been accreted to Siberian Craton later. |
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| Keywords: | Katugin rare-metal ore deposit Siberian Craton Ta-Nb-Y-Zr (REE) mineralization Geochemistry Mineralogy |
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