Chemical compositions of mussels and clams from the Tangyin and Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal fields in the southwestern Okinawa Trough |
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| Institution: | 1. Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China;5. Marine Biological Museum, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;1. Department of Geology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Japan;2. Department of Geology, Kochi University, Japan;3. Sumiko Resources Exploration and Development, Co., Japan;4. Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Japan;1. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan;2. Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA;3. Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan;1. Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland;2. Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;3. Area52 Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science/Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;4. Assessment and Methodological Support Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Carlo Magno 1A, Parma, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospection of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qing Dao 266100, China;2. Seafloor hydrothermal activity laboratory of the key laboratory of marine geology and environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China |
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| Abstract: | Studies of the chemical characteristics of mussels and clams in seafloor hydrothermal fields are important for understanding mass fluxes and elemental partitioning from hydrothermal vents into the biosphere, metal bioaccumulation of seafloor hydrothermal ecosystems, and the sources and sinks of biogeochemical and fluid cycles. We are the first to measure the mineral, major, trace and rare earth element, and carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of mussels (Bathymodiolus platifrons) and clams (Conchocele bisecta) from the Tangyin and Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal fields in the southwestern Okinawa Trough. Mineralogical analysis shows that the carbonate shells of the mussel and clam samples are mainly composed of calcite and aragonite. Metal elements exhibit linear correlations in the shells (e.g., V and U) and tissues (e.g., Li and Rb) of the mussels and clams, suggesting that not all positive correlations of elements in tissues are inherited by the shells. V/As, Ca/Sr, and Fe/Cr ratios in the mussels and clams are close to those in the seawater, indicating that element ratios of seawater might be inherited by the mussels and clams. In addition, the Fe/Cr ratio of the shells of both mussels and clams can be used to trace the local seawater composition.The total LREE concentrations of mussel and clam tissue samples are higher than those of the mussel and clam shell samples, are similar to the hydrothermal fluids, exhibit LREE enrichment (LaCN/NdCN ratios = 1.86-32.1), and no or only slightly negative Eu anomalies, indicating that benthic animals are a sink of LREEs from hydrothermal fluids, and that the Eu/Eu* ratios of fluids change when fluids are incorporated into the tissues of the mussels and clams. In addition, the δ13C values of mussel shell samples are heavier than those of the clam shell samples in the hydrothermal field, indicating that more than one carbon source may be involved in defining the δ13C compositions of the shells. The majority of the δ18O values of clam shell samples fall in the range of δ18O values of the mussel shell samples, and are close to the hydrothermal fluid δ18OH2O values, implying that the δ18O values of mussel and clam shell carbonate is influenced by the hydrothermal environment (magmatic water and fluid dilution with seawater). |
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