An Ichthyornis-like bird from the earliest Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of European Russia |
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| Institution: | 1. Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117737 Moscow, Russia;2. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;3. Department of Sedimentary Geology, Geological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 liniya VO 29, 199178 Saint Petersburg, Russia;4. Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology, Geological Faculty, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia;5. Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 4/5, 420008 Kazan, Russia;1. Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK;3. Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Morocco;1. Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain;2. Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Rua da Academia das Ciências, 19, 1249-122, Lisbon, Portugal;3. Centro de Investigação em Ciência e Engenharia Geológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-216, Monte de Caparica, Portugal;4. Grupo de Investigación IberCreta, Departamento de Geología y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain;5. Grupo de Investigación Procesos Bióticos Mesozoicos, Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain;6. Centro de Investigação da Terra e do Espaço, Universidade de Coimbra, Observatório Astronómico, Almas de Freire, Santa Clara, 3040-004, Coimbra, Portugal;7. Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal;8. Departamento de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad de La Rioja, Luis Ulloa s/n, 26004, Logroño, Spain;1. Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Universidad Maimónides, V. Virasoro 732, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina;4. Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248, C1010AAZ Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Badlands Dinosaur Museum, Dickinson Museum Center, Dickinson, ND, USA;2. Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA;3. Varricchio Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA;4. Dept. Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA;5. Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA;6. San Francisco, CA, USA;7. Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;2. Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Hohhot 010010, China;3. Bureau of Land and Resources of Bayannur, Bayannur 015000, China;4. Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, Hohhot 010020, China;5. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100050, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China;2. Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong 276005, China;5. Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong 273300, China |
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| Abstract: | Ornithuromorph birds (the clade which includes modern avian radiation) first appeared in the Early Cretaceous in Asia and achieved a great diversity during the latest ages of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian). The evolutionary history of orithuromorphs during the first 17 MYAs of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian ages) remains very poorly known, as the fossil record for this time interval is largely restricted to several isolated finds of the classic avian genus Ichthyornis in North America. Here we describe an isolated distal tibiotarsus of an evolutionary advanced bird, morphologically similar to Ichthyornis, from the middle Cenomanian of Saratov Province, European Russia. This is the first documentation of an Ichthyornis-like bird in the Old World. The find further constitutes only the second pre-Campanian record of the Late Cretaceous Ornithuromorpha in Eurasia, the second record of Cenomanian birds in Russia. This discovery shows that Ichthyornis-like birds enjoyed a wide geographical distribution as early as the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. Given that the earliest and the most primitive ornithuromorph birds are known from Asia, the new find supports a Eurasian origin for Ichthyornithidae. |
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| Keywords: | Cenomanian East Europe Ornithuromorpha Palaeobiogeography |
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