Basin-scale structure control of Carlin-style gold deposits in central Southwestern Guizhou,China: Insights from seismic reflection profiles and gravity data |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;2. CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia;3. Xi’an Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration, Xi’an 700100, China;4. Sinopec Exploration Company, Chengdu 610041, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2. School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;5. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;6. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;1. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. College of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia;3. The Bureau of Geo-Exploration and Mineral Development of Guangxi, Nanning 530023, PR China;1. Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;2. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Koptyug ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;3. Geological Institute of the Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technologies, Hanoi, Viet Nam |
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| Abstract: | Carlin-style gold deposits are widely distributed in Southwestern Guizhou, China. Research has dominantly focused on deposit-scale geology and structural control of mineralization. The relationship between the gold deposits and regional structures, in particular their control on the formation and distribution of those deposits is less well understood. Here we use seismic survey and gravity data to reveal the basin-scale structure control of the gold deposits in central Southwestern Guizhou. The seismic reflection profiles show strong reflection horizons including Upper Permian coal measures, and Dongwu and Guangxi unconformities. The seismic data provide important evidence of the basinal structural style and the relationship between fault-related folding and the Carlin-style gold deposits. Regional gravity data also revealed several paleo-uplifts, which appear to control the distribution of Carlin-style gold deposits.The Carlin-style gold deposits are spatially and temporally associated with fault-related folds. Based on their location, we classify the gold deposits into two types, (1) low-angle thrust-controlled deposits; and (2) high-angle reverse fault-related deposits. In the low-angle thrust-controlled deposits, main thrusts are listric, strike NW-SE and dip southwest. These thrusts detach into coal measures, tuffs and volcanic rocks and are bedding-parallel in the vicinity of the Dongwu unconformity. Gold ore bodies are found in the thrusts and characterized by cutting-layer veins near the surface and bedding-parallel veins at depth. The high-angle reverse fault-related deposits are located in the hinge of northeast-southwest-striking fault-related folds, with high-angle reverse faults near the hinge of folds crosscutting the Upper Permian coal measures, volcanic rocks and Dongwu unconformity, and then into the limestone of Middle Permian Maokou Formation. Ore bodies are bedding-parallel in anticline culminations where interlayer fracture zones in Upper Permian coal measures and volcanic rocks are generated by high-angle reverse faulting.We consider that the formation of the gold deposits is part of the tectonic evolution in the area. The two sets of NW-SE- and NE-SW-striking fault-related folds were successively formed during the closure of eastern Tethys Ocean in Late Triassic, and major gold deposits formed in the fault-related folds. The Dongwu unconformity and faults provided conduits for ore fluid flow, and the coal measures and the tuffs of Dachang Member acted as detachment layers and hosts for ore deposition. |
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| Keywords: | Carlin-style deposits Basin structure Seismic reflection Gravity Southwestern Guizhou China |
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