A quantitative study of the degradation of whale bone lipids: Implications for the preservation of fatty acids in marine sediments |
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| Institution: | 1. Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany;1. Nanomaterial Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan;2. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan;3. Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan;4. Fundamental Technology Group, Chemical R&D Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd, 1-1 Nishi Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka, 566-8585, Japan;1. Institute of Mathematics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;2. DICATAM–Sezione di Matematica, University of Brescia, Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy;3. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;1. SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA;1. College of Information Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China;2. The Key Laboratory for Special Fiber Sensor of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China;3. Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China |
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| Abstract: | The degradation and preservation affecting the biomarker record of ancient metazoa are not fully understood. We report on a five month experiment on the fate of fatty acids (FAs) during the degradation of recent whale vertebrae (Phocoena phocoena). Whale bones were analysed for extractable FAs and macromolecularly bound n-acyl compounds. Fresh bone showed extractable FAs dominated by 16:1ω7c, 16:0, 18:1ω9c and 18:0. Calculated degradation rate constant (k) values showed a rapid decrease in FA concentration, with k values higher for unsaturated than for saturated compounds (0.08/day for 18:1ω9c, 0.05/day for 16:0). The appearance or increased abundance of distinctive methyl branched (e.g. i/ai-15:0 and -17:0, 10Me-16:0) and hydroxy FAs (e.g. 10OH-16:0 and 10OH-18:0) were observed, providing clear evidence for the microbial degradation of bone organic matter and an input of lipids from specialised bacteria. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) of demineralised extraction residues released up to 0.13% of the total n-C16 and n-C18 moieties in the degraded bones. This revealed that only a small, yet sizeable, portion of bone-derived fatty acyl units was sequestered into (proto)kerogen during the earliest stages of degradation. |
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| Keywords: | Lipid biomarkers Fatty acids Degradation kinetics Preservation Whale bones Methyl-branched fatty acids Hydroxyacids Vertebrate fossils Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) Kerogen formation |
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